.F 341 
I.E45 
Copy 1 



OUTLINES OF 

MISSISSIPPI 
..HISTORY.. 




ELLETT-THAMES 
1913 



OUTLINES OF 

MISSISSIPPI HISTORY 



Combined Edition, Comprising Outlines prepared by 
A. H. ELLETT, late of Blue Mountain College, 

and those prepared by 
W. I. THAMES, of Mississippi Normal College 



Published by 

W. I. THAMES, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 

and 
T. C. LOWREY, Blue Mountain, Mississippi. 

Price, 25 cents; by mail 30 cents. 






Copyright, 1913 

By 
W\ I. Thames and T. C. Lowrey. 



©C1.A34723G 




JEFFERSON INDIAN PEACE MEDAL. 

The cut shown above is a two-thirds size reproduction of 
a silver medal plowed up among human bones, supposed to be 
Indian, five miles southwest of New Albany, Mississippi, 
February, 1907, by a Mr. Stanson. 

The medal is the property of Mr. W. W. Ticer, of New 
Albany. 



INDEX. 

Page 

Banks 19, 21, 23, 27, 30, 45 

Beginnings : 48 

Burr, Aaron, Incident 18 

Capitals 45 

Capitols '. 70 

Chickasaw School Lands Leased 29 

Codes •. 9, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 34, 35, 41, 43, 45 

Common School Fund 65-68 

Constitutions 20, 21, 24, 25, 35, 36, 40, 41, 45 

Counties 62-64 

Crozat, Grant to 8-9 

Education 53-58 

Extra Sessions of Legislature 25, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 46 

Foote-Davis-Quitman Contest 30 

Georgia Claims 13-14 

Governors 59-60 

Impeachment of State Officers 39 

Indian Land Cessions 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25 

Louisiana Purchase 17 

Law, John, Grant to 9 

Maps 47-50 

Mississippi, meaning of 71 

Mississippi a Leader in Great Reforms 69 

Prentiss, Word Contest 27 

Secession 32 

State Officers and Salaries 61 

Territorial Acquisitions 46 

Wars ...9. 10,. 19, 20, 32, 33, 41, 49, 52 




FOREWORD. 

T THE TIME of the death of Prof. A. H. Ellett he left 
matter for an outhne of Mississippi History, and this 
was later published by Mr. T. C. Lowrcy, administrator. 
The writer published a similar work ab6ut the same 
time. Instead of publishing a second edition of each 
it has been decided to issue a combined edition. Con- 
siderable new matter has been added, and the work 
brought down to date. Attention is directed to the fact 
that the first part of the book contains a chronological out- 
line followed by topical outlines treating the leading subjects. 
The latter part of the book contains statistical and other informa- 
tion of special interest for the present and near future. 

The work has grown out of school room experience, and the 
writer commends it to his fellow teachers in full confidence that 
it will be of service to any who are trying to gain or impart 
knowledge of the State's history. 

W. I. THAMES, 
Mississippi Normal College. 
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 
March, 1913. 



MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

EIGHT EPOCHS. 
P. Exploration I538-I682 

2 ^ French Territory I682-I763 

3 ^ English Territory , I763-I783 

4 '. Spanish Territory I783-I795 

5'. United States Territory I795-I8I7 

6 ^ Independent State J8I7-I86I 

7'. Secession I86I-I870 

8 ■. Reunion _„ 1 870-191 3 



CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE. 

EXPLORATION, November, 1538 to April 9, 1682. 
L^ DeSoto. 

1 3. Sailed from Spain to Cuba, November, 1538. 

2 3. Sailed from Cuba, May 12, 1539. 

3 ^. Equipment. 

1 4. Five ships and four other vessels. 

2 4. One thousand infantry. 

3 ^. Three hundred and fifty horsemen. 
4 ". Twenty-four priests. 

5 ''. Large number of knights and soldiers. 

4 3. Reached Tampa Bay, Fla., May 30, 1539. 

5 3. Started on journey, June, 1539. 

6 3. Entered present boundary of Mississippi near Columbus, 

November, 1540. 

7 ^ Wintered in Pontotoc County; attacked by Chickasaws, 

March, 1541. 

8 3. Broke camp, April, 1541. 

9 3. Discovered Mississippi River. 

1 4. Place — Near Memphis. 
2". Time— May 15, 1541. 

10 3. Subsequent wanderings. 
113. Death of DeSoto. 

1 ^. Place — Mouth of Arkansas River. 

2 4. Time— May 21, 1541. 

3 ''. Circumstances of burial. 
12 3. Fate of his followers. 

2 ^ Joliet and Marqwette. 

13. Reached Mackinaw, Dec. 8, 1672. 

2 3. Left early in 1673 with six companions; arrived at Mis- 

sissippi River, June 17, 1673. 

3 3. Explored Mississippi River to the Arkansas River and 

returned to Quebec. 

3 ^. LaSallc. 

1 3. Party — -Henry De Tonti, 40 soldiers, 3 monks. 

2 3. Left Quebec, 1680. 

3 3. Reached Illinois River at Peoria, built Fort of the 

Broken Heart. 

4 3. Returned to Quebec with two companions and to the 

fort in May, 1681. 

5 3. Launched on the Mississippi River, Feb. 6, 1682. 



8 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

6 5. Reached passes at Gulf cf Mexico, April G, 1682. 
7^ Took possession of the territory, April 9, ltJH2 
8 3. Returned to France, via Canada, 1684. 
9^ Sailed from France, July 24, 1684. 

1 •>. Equipment, four \'essels. 

2 4. Chief navif^ator, M. Beaujeu. 

10 3. Landed at Matagorda Bay, Texas, Jan. 1, 168li. 

113. Built fort. 

12 -^ Murder of LaSalle. 

1 •*. Place — Washington ' County, Texas. 

2 4. Time— March 20, 1687. 

3 4. By whom — His companion. 

2^ FRENCH TERRITORY, April % 1682, to June I, 1763. 

1 ^ First Settlement. 

1 3. Expedition sailed from France, Sept. 28, 1698. 
' 2 3. Leaders — Iberville, Sauvolle, Bienville, and Boisbriant. 
y^^. Anchored in Mississippi Sound, Feb. 6, 1699. 
yA 3. Explored Mississippi River to Red River, began 
March 2, 1699. 

5 3. Settled Ocean Springs. 

6 3. Built Fort Maurepas. 

2 *. Administrations. 

1^. Gov. Sauvolle, 1699-1701. 

1 ". Capital at Ocean Springs, 1699-1701. 
2 •*. English Turn incident, 1699. 

S"". Fort "Eighteen leagues above the passes," early 
in 1700. 

4 4. Iberville's visit to the Natchez Indians, February, 1700. 
5". Sauvolle died of yellow fever, Aug. 22, 1701. 

23. Gov. Bienville, Aug. 22, 1701-1712. 

11. Capital at Dauphin Island, 1701-1710. 

2 4. Death of Henry de Tonti, Biloxi, September, 1704. 

3 4. Twenty-three young women brought to the col- 

ony, 1704. 

4 4. Ibcndlle's death, Julv 9, 1706. 
54. Capital at Mobile, 1710-1717. 

6 4. Grant to Crozat, Sept. 14, 1712. 
1 5. Conditions. 

1 *. Was to get for fifteen years: 
1 ^ Exclusive right to commerce. 
2 '. Proceeds from all mines. 



i 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 9 

3 7. Full titles to all lands. 

4 ^. Soldiers paid by King. 
2 ^ Was to give : 

1 ^ One-foi^rth proceeds of mines. 

2 ^ Anntial shipload of slaves from i^frica. 

3 '. Annual shipload of immigrants from France. 

4 T. After nire years pay salaries of officers. 

2 5. Outccm.e — Bankruptcy cf Crczat and surrender 
of grant, 1717. 

3 3. Gov. Cadillac, 1712-1717. 

1". First Natchez AYar, 1716. 
2 4. Fort Rosalie. 

is. Begun Aug. 3, 1716. 

2 5. Occupied Aug. 25, 1716. 

4 \ Gov. De L'Epinay, 1717, short time. 

5K Gov. Bienville, 1717 to Aug. 9, 1726. 
1 4. Grant to John Law, August, 1717. 

1 s. Conditions: 

1 ^ Was to have for twenty-five years: 

1 ^ Absolute control of trade. 

2 T. Control of araiies. 

3 ^. Power to make war and treaties. 
4'^. Authority to remove civil cfificers. 

2 ^ Was to bring to the colony annually 6,000 whites 

and 3,000 slaves. 

3 ^. Was ultimately to pay National debt of France. 

2 5. Outcome : 

1 ^. Stock in company sold at twenty times its face 

value. 
2^. The bubble burst and Law fled to Venice, 1720. 

3 ^. Company bankrupted, 1732. 

4 ^ Colony flourished by reason of it. 
2 4. Building of New Orleans, 1718. 

31 Capital at Biloxi, 1717-1723. 

4''. First cargo of slaves., 1720 

5\ Capital at New Orleans, 1723-1763. 

61 The Black Code, 1724. 

1 s. Made by Bienville. 

2 =. Regulated slaves. 

3 s. Banished Jews. 

4 s. Established Catholicism. 
7 ". Crops amounted to little. 



10 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

6 3. Gov. Pcricr, Aug. 9, 1726 to Winter, 1732-'33. 

14. Second Natchez War, 1729-1731. 

1 5. Cause — Demand of the French for White Apple 

village. 
2s. Events: 

1^ Attack on Fort Rosalie, Oct. 28, 1729; 250 

French killed. 
2^ Attack on Fort St. Peter, Jan. 2, 1730; all the 
French killed. 

3 ^. Siege of Ft. Rosalie [by French and Choctaw 

Indians. 

4 ^. Recovery of some prisoners, Feb. 27, 1730. 

5 *. Extermination of the Natchez Indians at Trinity 

River, Jan. 20, 1731. 
2 ''. Dismissal of Gov. Perier. 

7 3. Gov. Bienville, 1733-1743. 

1 ^. First expedition against the Chickasaws. 
1 5. Causes : 

1 ^. French desire to punish Chickasaws for harbor- 
ing Natchez Indians. 
2 ''. Desire to destroy English influence over the 
Chickasaws. 
2 5. Events: 

1 \ Expedition left New Orleans, March 23, 1736, 

via Gulf and Tombigbee River. 

2 ^ D'Artaguette's descent of Mississippi River and 

misfortune. May 20, 1736. 

3 *•. Bienville's expedition reached Cotton Gin Port, 

Monroe County, May 22, 1736. 

4 *. Battle of Ackia, Lee County, three miles north- 

west of Tupelo, May 26, 1736. 
2 1. Second expedition against the Chickasaws, via the 
Mississippi River, 1740. Indians sued for peace 
and acceded to French terms. 
3 4. Biemdlle recalled to France, 1743; died March 7, 1767. 

83. Gov. Vaodreuil, 1743-1753. 
1". Population, 1744: 

IS. Whites, 4,000. 

2 5. Slaves, 2,020. 
2*. Third expedition against the Chickasaws, 1752-'53. 

1 5. Route — Via Gulf and Tombigbee River. 

2 5. Result — Failure of French. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 11 

93. Gov. Kcrlerec, 1753-1763. 

1 4. French and Indian War, 1754-1763. 

2^. Secret Treaty of Paris, Nov. 3, 1762; France gave 

Louisiana Territory to Spain; ignored by England 

in 1763. 
3 4. First Treaty of Paris, Feb. 10, 1763; ratified June 

1, 1763. 

4''. Territorial changes: 

1 s. France ceded to England, Canada and all her lands 

east of the Mississippi River from Lakes to Gulf, 

except New Orleans and two small islands south 

of Newfoundland. 
25. France ceded to Spain, New Orleans and the 

Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi River. 
3 5. Spain exchanged Florida to England for Cuba which 

England had captured during the war. 

3'. ENGLISH TERRITORY, June I, 1763 to Sept. 3, 1783. 

1^ Gov. Jolinston, Nov. 21, 1763-1767. 

1 3. Organization of British West Florida, Oct. 7, 1763. 
1 <. Boundary — North by 31°; east by Chattahoochee 
and Apalachicola Rivers; south by Gulf, Rigolets, 
Pontchartrain, Maurepas, and Manchac; west by 
Mississippi River. Boundary extended north to 32° 
28', June 6, 1764; to 32° 30', May 15, 1767. 
2". Capital at Pensacola, 1763-1783. 
3 4. Territorial names changed: 

1 s. Fort Conde to Fort Charlotte. 

2 5. Fort Rosalie to Fort Panmure. 

3 s. Fort Bute built at Manchac. 
4". Inducements to settlers: 

1 5. Country advertised. 
2s. Liberal land grants: 

1 ^ To field officers, 5,000 acres. 

2^ To captains, 3,000 acres. 

3^ To subalterns, 2,000 acres. 

4 ^. To non-commissioned, 300 acres. 

5 ^. Privates, 100 acres. 

5*. Loftus Heights incident, 1764. 

1 5. Major Loftus going up the Mississippi River. 
2 s. Heights in Wilkinson County. 



12 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

61 Treaty with Indians, 1764. 
1 5. Prices fixed by treaty. 
2 5. Free passage granted to English. 
2^. Gov. Eliott July, 1767 (died soon after his appointment.) 
3^ Gov. Brown, 1767-1771. 

1 3. Gov. Brown appointed Governor of the Bahamas, 1770. 
2K Acting Gov. Elias Durnford, 1770-1771. 

4^ Gov. Chester, March 2, 1771-1783. 

1 3. First Protestant Minister, Samuel Swayze, 1772. 

2 3. Sale by Choctaws of Natchez District to English 

1777; confirmed to the United States, in 1802. 

3 3. Influx of people caused by the Revolutionary War. 

4 3. James Willing incident, 1778. 

1 4. Sent by Continental Congress. 

2 ". To secure neutrality in the Revolutionary War. 

3 ". Robbed Hutchins and Dunbar. 

4''. Captured and sold English ship. 

5'^. Followed by Lyman. 

5 3. Spanish conquest of West Florida. 

11 Capture of Fort Bute, Sept. 7, 1779. 
2 ". Capture of Baton Rouge and Panmure. 
3". Capture of Mobile, March 10-14, 1780. 
41 Capture of Pensacola, May 9, 1781. 
6^ Attempt of English settlers to recapture the forts, 

April 28, 1782. 
73. Conflicting grants of land between 31° and 32° 30' in 
second Treatv of Paris and Treaty of Versailles, 
Sept. 3, 1783.' 

4^ SPANISH TERRITORY, Sept. 3, 1783 to Oct. 27, 1795. 
1 1 Diplomatic struggle. 

1 3. Spain claimed north to 32° 30' by Treaty of Versailles. 
2 3. United States claimed south to 31° by Second Treaty 

of Paris. 
33. Spain actually occupied territory until 1798. 

21 Spanish capital, Natchez. 

3 1 Spanish Governors — Collet, Trevino, Miro, Piernas, 

Bouligny, Grand Pre, Gayoso, Minor. 
4 *. Government and people. 

1 3. English settlers remained. 
2 3. Laws were mild. 
3 1 No land tax. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 13 

43. No military duty required. 

5 ^. Arbitration instead of lawsuits. 

5 ^ Crops. 

13. Tobacco, 1785. 

1 \ Sold for $10.00 per hundred. 

2 ^. Slaves imported to cultivate it. 

3 ''. Abandoned in favor of Kentucky tobacco. 
2 3. Indigo, abandoned on account of insects. 
33. Cotton. 

1 4. Obtaining seed. 

2". Cotton gin, 1794; built near Natchez, 1796. 

3". First cotton press, 1799. 

6 ^ Religions. 

1 3. Roman Catholic predominating. 

2 3. First Baptist Church on Cole's Creek, Richard Curtis, 
Pastor, 1791. 

7 '. Georgia Claims. 
1 3. Basis for claims. 

1 4. Grant to Oglethorpe, to South Sea, 1732. 
2 4. Commission to Royal Governor in 1765 defined the 
boundary as: 

1 s. North, Savannah River to the Mississifipi River. 

2 5. East, Savannah River and Atlantic Ocean. 

3 5. South, 31° of latitude. 

4 s. West, Mississippi River. 
3''. Second Treaty of Paris, 1783. 

2 3. Note — The United States admitted the validity of 

Georgia's claim to lands north of 32° 30', but never 
did admit validity of claims south of that line. 

3 3. Georgia's assertion of her claim. 

1 •*. Bourbon County organized, 1785. 

1 s. Composed of Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams, 

Franklin, Wilkinson, and Amite Counties. 

2 s. Appointed fourteen magistrates to sell land at 

not over 25 cents an acre. ' 
2 ". Sales by Georgia. 

1 s. Yazoo companies, 1789. 

1 ^ South Carolina Co., 5,000,000 acres for $65,000. 
2^ Virginia Co., 7,000,000 acres for $93,000. 
3 «. Tennessee Co., 3,500,000 acres for $46,000. 



14 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

4^. Outcome— Companies refused to compl}^ with 
terms of sale, fearing validity of titles. 
2 s. Four home (Georgia) Companies, 1795. 
1^ Sale, 21,000,000 acres, for $5,000,000. 
2^. Outcome — Georgia rescinded the sale in 1796, 
bribery being charged. 

4 3. Final settlement of the claim. 

1 ^. Georgia sold to the United States her lands north 
of 32° 30', and surrendered her claims to lands 
south of the same line, April 24, 1802. 

1 s. United States concession. 
1^ Money. 

17. $1,250,000 cash to Georgia. 
2 ^ Deposit proceeds of land sales in United 
States Treasury. 
2«. Land. 

1 ^ That part of the 12-mile strip north of 

Georgia. 

2 7. All Cherokee Indian lands in Georgia. 

3 7. Guarantee titles of settlers already on the 

land. 

4 7. Admit Mississippi as a state when population 

reached 60,000. 
1 5. Georgia concession. 

1 ^. All her claim in present states of Mississippi 

and Alabama. 

2 ^ Pay United States the money she had already 

received on sales. 
2*. Yazoo frauds. 

1 s. General name applied to all the frauds in con- 

nection with conflicting titles. 

2 5. United States Supreme Court decided for the 

claimants and paid them out of the United 
States Treasury, 1810. 

8 *. The twelve -mile strip. 

1 3. Ceded to the United States by South Carloina, 1787. 
2^ Part added to Georgia in 1802 ; remainder to Mississppi 
in 1804. 

9^ Treaty of San Lorenzo (Madrid), Oct. 27, 1795. 
1'. United States southern boundary to be 31°. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 15 

2 3. Troops of both nations to be removed within six 

months; Spanish to the south of this Hne, and 
United States to the north. 

3 3. Joint commission to run boundary Hne. 

4 3. Free navigation of the Mississippi River. 

. UNITED STATES TERRITORY, Oct. 27, 1795, to Dec. 10, 
I8I7. 

1 ^ Unorganized — United States struggle for control, Oct. 27, 

1795 to April 7, 1798. 
1 3. Declaration of Independence; Spanish officials take 
refuge in fort. 

2 3. Embryonic Constitution. 

1 ". No punishment for the insurgents, 
21, Not subject to military duty. 

3 ■». No transportation of prisoners. 
4:^. Preservation of neutrality. 

3 ^. The rival committees. 

1 ^. Permanent committee, Ellicott. 

2 ''. Safety and correspondence, Hutchins. 

4 3. Departure of Gayoso and resistance to Grand Pre, 1797. 

5 3. Major Guion assumes control for the United States until 

the arrival of Gov. Sargent. 

2 ^ Organized (Mississippi Territory,) April 7, 1798, to Dec. 

10, 1817. 
1 3. Boundarv at first. 
1 4. North by 32° 30'. 
2^. East by Chatahootchee River. 
3". South by 31°. 

4 *. West by the Mississippi River. 
2K Capital. 

11 Natchez, 1798-1802. 

2 4. Washington, 1802-1817. 
3 3. Government. 

14. First stage, 1798-1800. 
1 s. Officers. 

1 ^. Governor — Appointed by the President for 

three years. 

2 ^. Secretary — Appointed by the President for 

four years. 

3 ^ Three Judges — Appointed by the President 

for life. 



16 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 5. Law, culled by Governor and Judges from laws 
of the Northwest Territorv, known as Sargent's 
Code, 1799. 
1 ^. Marriage license, $8, to the Governor. 
2\ Tavern license, $8. 
2\ Second stage, 1800-1808. 
1 s. Officers. 

1 ^ Governor, Secretary and three Judges, as above. 

2 ^. General Assembly. 

1 T. Legislative Council of five members, selected 

by Congress. 
2 ^ House of Representatives, elected by the 
people. 
2 s. Laws. 

1 '•. Delegate to Congress elected by the General 

Assembly. 

2 **. Property qualification for office holders and 

voters. 
3^. Third stage, 1808-1817. 

1 5. Officers — Same as in second stage. 
2 5. Laws. 

1 *. Delegate to Congress elected by the people. 

2 ^. Number of voters increased. 
4 3. Administrations. 

1\ Gov. Winthrop Sargent, 1798-1801. 
1 5. Biographical Note : 

Winthrop Sargent was born at Gloucester, Mass., May 
1, 1755. He graduated at Harvard University, served eight 
years in the Revolutionary War, and was Secretary of the 
Northwest Territory from 1787 to 1798, when he became 
Governor of Mississippi Territory. Sargent was a Fed- 
eralist and there was much opposition to him largely on 
this account. In May, 1801, he retired from office, and 
quietly took up the life of a planter. He died in New Or- 
leans, La., June 3, 1820, and was buried at Gloucester, his 
country home, near Natchez. 

2 5. First newspaper — Mississippi Gazette, estab- 

lished, 1799. 

3 s. Louisiana retro-ceded by Spain to France, by 

Treaty of St. Ildcfonso, Oct. 1, 1800. 

4 s. First United States census of Mississippi Territory 

1800, 8,850 population. 
5K Old Natchez cession of 1777 confirmed to the 
United States, 1801. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 17 

6 5. Acting Governor, John Steele, April 3, 1801 to 
Nov. 23, 1801. 
2". Gov, W. C. C. Claiborne, May 25, 1801 to 
March 1, 1805. 

1 s. Biographical Note : 

W. C. C. Claiborne was born in Sussex County, Va., in 
1775, and was educated at Richmond Academy and Wil- 
liam and Mary's College. At the age of seventeen he be- 
gan the study of law, was soon admitted to the bar, lo- 
cated in Tennessee, and before he was twenty-three had 
served as a member of the First Constitutional Convention 
of Tennessee, as Judge of the Supreme Court and Member 
of Congress. Gov. Claiborne was very popular and his 
administration was a success* from the beginning. On 
Nov. 9, 1803, he was appointed Commissioner to receive 
the Louisiana Territory from France, and was instructed 
to act as Provisional Governor until a permanent form of 
government should be established. On Oct. 2, 1804, 
Claiborne was appointed Governor of the Territory of 
Orleans. In 1812 hejw as elected Governor of the State of 
Louisiana. After serving two years he was elected United 
States Senator, but before taking his seat he died, Nov. 
3, 1817, and was buried in Meterie Cemetery, New Orleans. 

2 s. First public school. 

1^ Time— 1801. 

2^. Location — Natchez. 

3 ^. Principal — Rev. David Ker. 

3 s. Jefferson College. 

1 ^. Location — Washington. 

2 ^. Charter — First one granted for any purpose in 

Mississippi. 
3^. Dates. 

1 7. Chartered— May 13, 1802. 
2^ Opened first session— 1811. 

4 5. Purchase of Louisiana from France, including 

lands south of 31° and between Mississippi and 
Perdido Rivers; transfer made Dec. 20, 1803. 

5 s. United States land grant, 16th sections, for schools. 

1 ^. County courts given control of it. 

2 ^. Trustees in each township authorized to lease 

the lands, build school houses and employ 
teachers.' 

6 5. Extension of northern boundary from 32° 30' to 

Tennessee, March 27, 1804. 
75. Acting Governor, Cato West, Oct. 1,1804, to 
May 10, 1805. 



18 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

3". Gov. Robert Williams, March 1, 1805, to March 
3, 1809. 
1 5. Biographical Note : 

Robert Williams was born July 12, 1773, in Surrey Co., 
N. C. He was a lawyer, served as a Member of Congress 
and as member of the Land Commission of Mississippi. 
He established the unusual precedent of dissolving the Gen- 
eral Assembly. He was very unpopular, and resigned March 
3, 1809. Pending the settlement of the Burr episode Gov. 
Williams and Secretary Mead accused each other of being 
in sympathy with Burr, with the result that Williams was 
challenged by George Poindexter to fight a duel; his re- 
fusal added to his unpopularity. Some years after retiring 
from office in Mississippi, Gov. Williams moved to Mon- 
roe, La. He died at Ouichita, Jan. 25, 1836, and was 
buried on his farm near Monroe. 

2 5. First Choctaw cession. 

1". Time— 1805. 

2 ''. Place — Mount Dexter, near Macon, Miss. 

3 ^ Consideration — $50,000 and special donations 

to chiefs. 

4 ^ United States Commissioners — Robertson and 

Dinsmore. 

3 ^ Eleazer Carver began manufacture of cotton gins 

near Washington, 1807. 

4 s. Aaron Burr incident. 

1^ Time— 1807. 

2 *. Charge — Treason against the United States. 

3 ^ Place of arrest — Louisiana, opposite Bruinsburg. 

4 ^. Outcome. 

17. Burr met court two days and then escaped . 
2". Re-arrested in Alabama; tried in Richmond, 
Va., and acquitted. 
55. Toulmin's Digest of Territorial Laws, adopted by 

Legislature, 1807. 
6 5. Acting Governor Cowles Mead, June 6, 1806 to 
Jan. 28, 1807. 

4 y Gov. David Holmes, March 7, 1809, to Dec. 10, 1817. 

1 5. Biographical Note : 

David Holmes was born in York County, Pa., March 
10, 1770, and his parents moved to Virginia, when he was 
about a year old. He had a classical education, was a lawyer 
and member of the House of Representatives from Vir- 
ginia from 1797 to 1809. Being Governor during the 
transition period from Territory to State, his position was 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 19 

a very responsible one, but he discharged every duty of 
the office. He was President of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1817, and served as United States Senator from 
1820 to 1825. In 1826 he was again inaugurated Governor 
of Mississippi, but soon resigned the office on account of 
ill health and returned to Virginia. He died August 20, 
1832, and was buried at Winchester, Va. 

2 5. Acting Governeor Thos. H. Williams, March 

3 to July 1, 1809. 

3 s. Bank of Mississippi, Dec. 23, 1809. 
1 ^. Location — Natchez. 

2^ Capital— $500,000. 
3 ^. Provisions of charter. 

1 7. Term — Twenty-five years. 

2 7. Gave exclusive banking privileges. 

3 ^. Directors responsible. 

4^. Fate — Voluntarily closed in 1818. 

4 5. Attempted organization of State of West 

Florida, 1810. 

5 5. Population 1810, 42,352. 

6 5. Coming of the first steamboat. 

1 ^. Built at Pittsburg by Fulton and Roosevelt. 
2^ Name— "New Orleans." 

3 ^ Brought down the Mississippi River by Roose- 

velt, 1811-1812. 

7 s. Acting Governor Henry Dangerfield, Oct. 6, 1811 

to June 15, 1812. 

8 5. Lands between Pearl and Perdido Rivers added 

to Mississippi Territory. May 14, 1812 (claimed 
by Spain until 1819-1821.) 

9 5. Creek War. 

1«. Battle of Burnt Corn, July 27, 1813; whites 

2«. Massacre of Ft. Mims, Aug. 30, 1813; 260 

killed, 15 escaped. 
3^ Attack on Fort Sinquefield, Sept. 1, 1813; 

Indians repulsed. 

4 ^ Battle of Holy Ground, on Alabama River, Dec. 

23, 1813; Indians badly defeated. 

5 ^ Battle of Horse Shoe Bend, Tallapoosa River, 

March 27, 1814; Indians utterly routed. 
10 5. War of 1812; Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. 
1 ^. Mississippi cavalry under Hinds. 



20 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2^. Mississippi infantry under Wilkins and 
Bingaman. 
115. Acting Governor Nathaniel A. Ware, April, 1815 
to May, 1816. 

12 s. First Chickasaw cession. 
1^ Time— Sept. 20, 1816. 

2^. Place — Chickasaw Council House, Lee County. 

3 6. Quantity— 408,000 acres of land. 

4*^. Consideration — $12,000 a year for ten years; 

$4,500 for improvements; $100 each to several 

prominent Indians. 
5 ^. United States Commissioners — Jackson, Meri- 

weather, Franklin. 

13 5. Treaty of Choctaw Trading House, Oct. 24, 1816. 

Land situated east of Tombigbee River and 
between mouth of Oktibbeha and the first 
Choctaw line. 

14 s. Becoming a State. 
1 ^. Preliminaries. 

1 7. Enabling Act approved March 1, 1817. 

2 7. Territory divided, giving Mississippi present 

boundaries. 
2«. History. 

1 7. Election of delegates held June 1-2, 1817. 
2^. Number of delegates — 47 from fourteen 
counties. 

3 \ Time— July 7 to Aug. 15, 1817. 

47. Place — Washington, in Methodist Church, 
for the use of which $100 was paid. 

5 7. Prominent members — David Holmes, Pres- 

ident; Lewis Winston, Secretary; George 
Poindexter, Walter Leake, Gerard C. 
Brandon, Abram Scott. 

6 7. Provisions. 

1 ^. Preachers not permitted to hold certain 

offices. 

2 ^. Infidels not permitted to hold any office. 

3 ^. Office holders must own property. 

4 *. Governor must have lived in the United 

States 20 years, and in the State, 5 years. 

5 *. State officers, except Governor and Lieu- 

tenant Governor, were to be elected by 
the Legislature. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2l 

6 ^. Official tenn. 

1 '. Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 
2 years. 

2 9. Representatives, 1 year. 

3 9. Senators, 3 years. 

7 ''. Constitution put into operation without being 

submitted to the people. 
8 7. State formally admitted, Dec. 10, 1817. 

6^ INDEPENDENT STATE, Dec. 10, I8I7, to Jan. 9, I86I. 

1 \ Gov. David Holmes, Dec. 10, 1817 to Jan. 5, 1820. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

(See administration as Territorial Governor). 

2^. Capital — Natchez, 1817-1821; but first session of 
State Legislature convened in Washington, first 
Monday in October, 1817, owing to the epidemic of 
yellow fever in Natchez. 

3 3. Mississippi Supreme Court organized by the Leg- 

islature, Jan. 21, 1818. 

4 3. Bank of the State of Mississippi chartered; 1818. 

1 4. Location — Natchez. 
21 Capital— $3,000,000. 
3 1 Provisions of charter. 
is. To exist until 1841. 

2 5. To have exclusive banking privileges. 

3 s.. Taxed 25 cents on each S;iOO.OO. 

4 s. State was authorized to own one-fourth of the 

capital. 
44. Fate — Closed in 1832 because Legislature char- 
tered the Planters Bank. 
53. First denominational school — Elizabeth Female 
Academy. 
1 4. Date — Incorporated Feb. 17, 1819. 
2 "i. Location — ^Washington. 
3 ". First school chartered by the State. 

6 3. Two sections of land donated by the United States 

for the capital, 1819. 

7 ^. One township of land donated by the United States 

for a State University, 1819. 
2 \ Gov. George Poindexter, Jan. 5, 1820 to Jan. 7, 1822. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

George Poindexter was born in Louisa County, Va., in 1779. 
He moved to Mississippi and opened a law office in Natchez about 



22 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

1802. He was an ardent Democrat and was made Attorney Gen- 
eral under,Claiborne. He served as delegate to three Congresses, 
was a leader in the Constitutional Convention of 1817, and was 
the most influential member in forming the first Constitution 
of the State. He was the first representative of Mississippi in 
Congress, and prepared the first Code of the State. He served 
in the United States Senate from 1830 to 1835; moved to Louis- 
ville, Ky., in 1838, but returned to Mississippi in 1841. During 
the last ten years of his life he practiced law in Jackson. He 
died Sept. 5, 1855, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, 
Jackson. 

2 3. Population, 1820, 75,448. 

3 3. Second Choctaw cession. 

14. Time— Oct. 18, 1820. 
2''. Place — Doak's Stand in Madison County. 
3 ^. Consideration — Indians were given an equivalent 
amount of land west of the Mississippi River and 
Chief Mashulitubbee was to receive $150 per year 
for life. 
4''. United States Commissioners — Jackson and Hinds. 
43. Poindexter's Code; provided for by Legislature Feb. 

12, 1821; adopted June, 1822. 
53. First fi'ee school — Franklin Academy, 1821. 
1 4. Location — Columbus. 
2 ■'. Support — Choctaw fund. 
6^. The Literary fund, 1821. 

1 1 Source — Fines and forfeitures. 
2\ Amount— S30,000 in 1836. 
3 ''. Fate — Invested in bank stock and lost. 
7K Capital at Columbia, 1821-1822. 

8 3. Three commissioners appointed to select permanent 
site for capital, Feb. 12, 1821; on Nov. 28, 1821, 
Jackson was selected as permanent site. 

3 ^ Gov. Walter Leake, Jan. 7, 1822 to Jan. 7, 1826. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

Walter Leake was born in Albemarl County, Va., May 2, 1762. 
He fought in the Revolutionary War, was a member of the Vir- 
ginia Legislature, and a Judge for Mississippi Territory; he was 
a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1817, and later 
a Supreme Judge. Gov. Leake was inaugurated at Columbia, 
Jan. 7, 1822, and it was during his administration that Jackson 
was made the capital. He died Nov. 17, 1825, and was buried 
near Clinton. 

2 3. First State house, 1822. 
1^ Cost about $3,000. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 ■*. Located on the corner of Capitol and President 

Streets, 
3 ^. Sixth session of State Legislature met at Jackson, 

Dec. 23, 1822. 
43. Probate Court established, 1822. 

5 K Imprisonment for debt abolished, Jan. 23, 1824 

6 \ Ginners' receipts used as money. 

7 ^. Contest between Legislature and Supreme Court, 1825. 
8k Visit of Lafayette, 1825. 

• 9 ^ Death of Gov. Leake, Nov. 17, 1825. 

10 3. Acting Gov. Brandon, Nov. 17, 1825 to Jan. 7,1826. 

4 ^ Gov. David Holmes, Jan. 7, 1826 to Jan. 7, 1828. 
1^. Biographical Note; 

(See administration as Territorial Governor). 

2^. Hampstead Academy, now Mississippi College (Clin- 
ton), chartered, 1826. 

3 \ Resignation of Gov. Holmes, Julv 25, 1826. 

4 3. Acting Gov. Brandon, July 25, 1826 to Jan. 7, 1828. 

5 '. Gov. Gerard C. Brandon, Jan. 7. 1828 to Jan. 9, 1832. 

1 3. Biographical Note: 

Gerard C. Brandon was born September, 1788, at Selma 
plantation, near Natchez; was a student at Princeton, and grad- 
uated at William and Mary's College; he studied law and was 
admitted to the bar, but abandoned the practice to become a 
planter. He served in the War of 1812, was elected to the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Mississippi Territory in 1815, and was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1817. Gerard Brandon 
was the first native Mississippian to hold the office of Governor, 
which office he held for practically three terms. He died on 
his plantation near Fort Adams, March 28, 1850. 

2 3. Grand Council of the Choctaws, 1828. 

3 3. Planters Bank of Mississippi chartered. 

14. Date— Feb. 10, 1830. 
2". Location — -Natchez. 

3 4. Capital— $3,000,000. 

4 4. Provisions of the charter. 

1 5. Chartered for twenty-five years. 

2 5. Given right to establish branch banks. 

3s. State a stockholder of two-thirds of the capital; 

State issued $2,000,000 of bonds for this, and 

repudiated them in 1853. 



24 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

5 1 Fate— Failed in the panic of 1837. 
4 ^. Third Choctaw cession. 
11 Date— Sept. 15, 1830. 

2-1. Place — Dancing Rabbit Creek; Noxubee Ccroity. 
3". Consideration: 

1 5. Equal tract of land west of the Mississippi River. 

2 5. $20,000 a year for twenty years. 

3 5. Special donations to chiefs. 

45. Indians to be moved west at Government's ex- 
pense. 
4 ''. United States Commissioners — Coffee and Eaton. 
5 ■*. Note — By this treaty the ChoctawS' gave up the re- 
mainder of their lands east of the Mississippi River. 

5^. Population, 1830, 136,621. 
6^. New Constitution: 
1''. Preliminaries: 

1 5. Legislature, Dec. 15, 1830, authorized the people 

to vote on the question. 
2 s. People voted favorably, August, 1831. 
35. Legislature passed act calling a convention, Dec. 
16, 1831. 
2^. History: 

1 5. Time— Sept. 10 to Oct. 28, 1832. 
2 s. Place — Jackson. 

3s. Prominent members — P. R. R. Pray, President; 
Gerard C. Brandon, Chas. Lynch, John A. 
Quitman. 

Z^. Changes in the Constitution of 1817: 

1 s. Property qualifications abolished. 

2 s. Life tenure of office abolished. 

3 s. Slave traffic abolished. 

4 s. Office of Lieutenant Governor abolished. 

5 s. Imprisonment for debt abolished. 
41 Additions: 

1 s. Judicial system established. 

1 ^ High Court of Errors and Appeals. 

2 *. Stiperior Court of Chancery. 

3 *. Circuit Courts. 
4^ Probate Courts. 

2 s. All officers including Judiciary made elective. 
35. Referendum as to State's financial liability es- 
tablished. , 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 25 

6^ Gov. Abram M. Scott, Jan. 9, 1832, to Nov. 20, 1833. 

1^ Biographical Note: 

Abram M. Scott was born in South Carolina, in 1785, and 
moved to Mississippi in early life. He was Commander of a 
company in the First Mississippi Regiment in the war against 
the Creeks, was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
of 1817, and represented Wilkinson County in the State Senate 
three terms. In 1833 Asiatic cholera made its appearance in the 
State, but Gov. Scott's feeling of responsibility would not per- 
mit him to leave his post, and he fell a martyr to his sense of 
public duty. He died June 12, 1833, and was buried in Green- 
wood Cemetery, Jackson. 

2 3. Constitutional Convention mentioned above, 1832. 

3 3. Second Chickasaw cession. 

1 ■*. Time — Oct. 22, 1832; supplemental treaty made in 

1834. 
2'». Place — Pontotoc Creek, Pontotoc County. 
3 ". Consideration : 

1 5. Indians surrendered remainder of their land east 
of the Mississippi River. 

2 s. United States was to hold ceded lands in trust, 

pay Indians all moneys received for the same and 
give them an equivalent amount of land west of 
the Mississippi River. 

3 s. United States Commissioner — Coffee. 

4 s. Indians moved at Government's expense, 1835- 

1839. 

4 3. Appropriation of $95,000 for a new capitol, and SIO.OOO 

for mansion, Feb. 26, 1833. 

5 3. Asiatic cholera epidemic, 1832-1833, 

6^. Death of Gov. Scott, of cholera, June 12, 1833. 

73. Acting Gov. Chas. Lynch, June 12 to Nov. 20, 1833. 

7 ^ Gov. Hiram G. RtinncIIs, Nov. 20, 1833, to Nov. 20, 1835. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

Hiram G. Runnells was born in Hancock County, Ga., Dec. 
15, 1796, and was brought to Mississippi Territory in 1810. He 
served in the War of 1812, was a member of the Territorial Leg- 
islature in 1813; was a delaegte to the Constitutional Convention 
of 1817, a member of the House of Representatives 1818-1820; 
was Auditor of Public Accounts 1822-1830, and Receiver of 
Public Moneys in 1830. In 1838 he was elected President of the 
Union Bank. He moved to Texas in 1840, was a delegate to 
the first Constitutional Convention of that state, and State 
Senator in 1855. He died Dec. 17, 1857, and was buried in 
Glenwood Cemetery, Houston, Texas. 



26 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 3. Creation of sixteen new counties out of Dancing Rab- 

bit cession, December, 1833. 

3 3. Special session of Legislature. 

l\ Time— Jan. 19-30, 1835. 

2 ''.. Object — To instruct Mississippi's United States Sen- 
ators to vote for a resolution to expunge from the 
Senate's records a vote of censure against Presi- 
dent Jackson. 

3 ". Choctaw representatives . 

1 5. Authority for election — -Writs of election issued by 
the Governor. ; 

2 5. Outcome — House seated the members but Senatr' 
refused to work with them. 

4 \ Work — Wrangled for eleven days over the admissiojf 

of Representatives from the new Choctaw Coun 
ties, and was adjourned by the Governor withou 
accomplishing anything. ;, 

4 3. Interregnum— Nov. 20 to Dec. 3, 1835. i 

5 3. Special se-^sion of Senate, called by Secretary of Statf 

D. C. Dickson, Dec. 3, 1835. John A. Quitma 
elected President. 

6 3. Acting Gov. Quitman, Dec. 3, 1835, to Jan. 7, 1836. 

8 ^ Gov. Charles Lynch, Jan. 7, 1836, to Jan. 8, 1838. I 

1 3. Biographical Note: 

Charles Lynch was born in South Carolina in 1783, and mov( ■ 
to Mississippi some time prior to 1821, devoting himself to fan , 
ing in Lawrence County. He was elected Probate Judge in 182* 
but accepted the office with great reluctance, as he had no leg 
training. He was elected Representative; in 1821, and led the 
opposition to the United States Bank, and the establishment of 
a branch in Mississippi. After the close of his term as Governor 
he was made sole commissioner, and entrusted with the com- 
pletion of the State House, the Executive Mansion and the Pen- 
itentiary. He spent the latter years of his life in his country 
home near Jackson. He died Feb. 9, 1853, and was buried in 
Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 

2 3. State Penitentiary established by Act of Feb. 26, 1836. 

33. Congress granted Mississippi 174,000 acres of land in 
lieu of 16th sections of Chickasaw cession, 1836. 

4 3. Contest over Representatives from Chickasaw Coun- 
ties, 1837. 

1 *. Number of counties concerned — Ten. 

2 "•. Authority for election — Writs issued by Boards of 

Police. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 27 

3 ''. Chief opponent — S. S. Prentiss. 
4". Outcome — Delegates seated. 
5'. Union Bank. 

1 ''. Location — Natchez. 

2 4. Capital—Nominal, $15,500,000; actual, $5,000,000. 

Z*. Condition — State to loan its bonds to bank for en^ 

tire amount. 
44. Time: 

1 s. Original act passed Jan. 21 ,_ 1837. 

2s. Original act re-passed, Feb. 5, 1838, as required 
by the Constitution. 

3 s. Supplemental act passed Feb. 15, 1838, requir- 
ing the Governor to subscribe for $5,000,000 
of the stock and pay for the same with bonds. 
5''. Outcome: 

1 5. The five million dollars received for State bonds 
was all the money ever actually invested. 

2 s. Bank failed and the State repudiated its bonds. 

6 3. Panic of 1837. 

7 3. Congressional contest — Prentiss and Word vs. Claiborne 

and Gholson. 
1 ''. Reason for first election — An extra session of Con- 
gress called to meet September, 1837; Mississippi 
had no Representatives, their terms having ex- 
pired March 4. 

2 4. Special election July, 1837; Claiborne and Gholson 

were elected, and attended the extra session. 

3 4. Regular election, November, 1837 — Prestiss ' and 

Word were elected. 

4 1 The contest proper — Democrats in the House of 

Representatives claimed that Claiborne and Ghol- 
son had been elected for the fiill two years, be- 
ginning in December, 1837; Prentiss made his 
three-days' speech, January, 1838. 
54. The result — -Claiborne and Gholson were unseated 
by Congress, but this body refused by a tie vote 
to seat Prentiss and Word. 
6". Special election, April, 1838, to fill the vacancy; 
Prentiss and Word were elected. 
9^ Gov. A. G. McNutt, Jan. 8, 1838, to Jan. 10, 1842. 
13. Biographical Note: 

Alexander G.- McNutt was born in Rockbridge County, Va., 
in 1801, graduated at Washington College, studied law and lo- 



28 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

cated at Jackson, Miss.,' but later removed to Vicksburg. In 
1835, he became a member of the wState Senate, and in 1837, was 
elected President of that body. As Governor from 1838 to 1842, 
he waged a relentless war against the management of the Planters 
and the Union Banks. In 1848 he was a candidate for Presi- 
dential elector, and while engaged in this campaign was taken 
sick and died at Cockrum's Cross Roads in DeSoto County, 
Oct. 22, 1848. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 

2 3. Boundary between Mississippi and Tennessee run, 1838. 

3 3. New capitol first occupied, April, 1839. 
43. Natchez cyclone, 1840. 

5 ^. State Penitentiary completed, 1840. 

6 K University of Mississippi located at Oxford, Feb. 20,1840. 

10 ^ Gov. Tilghman M. Tucker, Jan. 10, 1842, to Jan. 10, 1844. 

1^. Biographical Note: 

Tilghman M. Tucker was born in North Carolina, Feb. 5, 
1802; removed in early life with his people to Alabama, and later 
studied in a law office in Monroe County. Mr. Tucker practiced 
law in Columbus, was a member of the Legislature from 1830 
to 1836, a State Senator from 1838 to 1842, and Governor from 
1842 to 1844; in 1843, he was elected to Congress, serving one 
term. After retiring from office he lived on his Cottonwood 
plantation in Louisiana. He died in Alabama, April 30, 1859, 
while visiting his old home, and was buried at Cottonwood. 

2 3. Governor's Mansion first occupied, 1842. 

3 •'. Levee system first begom, 1842. 

43. Legislature repudiated Union Bank bonds, Feb. 18, 

1842— S5,000,000 and interest. 
5 \ Defalcation of State Treasurer R. H. Graves, S44,836.46. 

11 ^ Gov. A. G. Brown, Jan. 10, 1844, to Jan. 10, 1848. 

1 3. Biographical Note : 

Albert G. Brown was born in Chester District, S. C, May 31, 
1813, and removed with his parents to Copiah County, Miss., in 
1823. He was admitted to the bar in 1833, was a member of 
the Legislature from 1835 to 1838, being chosen Speaker during 
his first term. He was elected to Congress in 1830, declined re- 
election, and was elected Circuit Judge in 1841. After retiring 
from the Governor's office he served as member of Congress, 
United States Senator, Captain in the Confederate Army, and 
Senator in the Confederate Government. After the close of 
the Civil War he lived quietly at his home in Hinds County, 
where he died June 12, 1880. He was buried in Greenwood 
Cemetery, Jackson. 

2 3. University of Mississippi incorporated, Feb. 24, 1844. 

3 3. State divided for the first time into Congressional dis- 

tricts, March 4, 1846. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 29 

43. Public school system attempted. 

1 1. Legislature passed bill for uniform system, the money 

to be raised by local taxation, March 4, 1846. 
2 4. Outcome — Local tax was not voted and the plan 
failed. 
53. Mexican War — Mississippi furnished two regiments, 
only one of which saw actual service. 

12 \ Gov. Jos. W. Matthews, Jan. 10, 1848, to Jan. 10, 1850. 

13. Biographical Note: 

Joseph W. Matthews was born near Huntsville, Ala., in 1812; 
came to Mississippi in early manhood as a surveyor, and located 
as a planter in Marshall County. He was a Representative m 
1840; was Senator from 1844 to 1848, and Governor from 1848 
to 1850. His simple life gave rise to such names as "Jo Salem," 
"Jo, the Well-digger," and "Old Copperas Breeches." He 
was not brilliant, but had practical sense and was popular. 
While on his way to Richmond, Va., he died at Palmetto, Ga., 
Aug. 27, 1862. 

2 3. Act passed Feb. 7, 1848, leasing 174,000 acres of Chick- 
asaw lands for which $816,615 was received. 

33. Institution for the blind established, March 2, 1848. 

43. Hutchinson's Code adopted, 1848. 

53. University of Mississippi began its first session, Nov. 
6, 1848. 

13 \ Gov. John A. Qtiitman, Jan. 10, 1850, to Jan. 10, 1852. 

13. Biographical Note: 

John A. Quitman was born Sept. 1, 1798, at Rhinebeck, N. Y. 
He removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1820, where he studied law 
and was admitted to the bar the next year; in 1821, he located 
at Natchez, where he soon achieved prominence. He was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature in 1827, Chancellor of the State from 1827 
to 1835, and member of the Constitutional Convention of 1832. 
He was a Brigadier-General in the Mexican War, was the first 
man to raise the United States flag over the City of Mexico, 
and was appointed Provisional Governor of that country pend- 
ing the completion of the treaty of peace. He was a member of 
Congress from 1855 to 1858. He was said to have been the 
most prominent man in America at the time of his death, which 
occurred at Natchez, July 17, 1858. 

2 3. Population, 1850, 606,526. 

3 3. Nashville Convention, 1850, WilHam L. Sharkey, Ch'm. 
43. Indictment of Gov. Quitman by Federal Grand Jury, 

New Orleans. 
53. Resignation of Gov. Quitman, Feb. 3, 1851. 



30 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

6 3. Acting Gov. Guion, Feb. 3 to Nov. 3, 1851. 

7K Interregntrtn, Nov. 4-24, 1851. 

8 3. Acting Gov. James Whitfield, Nov. 24, 1851, to Jan. 

10, 1852. 
93. Foote-Quitman-Davis contest. 
1 '». State parties and candidates. 

1 s. Union — Henry S. Foote, candidate. 

2 5. Democrat — John A. Quitman, candidate. 
2 4. State convention. 

1 s. Delegates elected first Monday in Sept., 1851. 

2 s. Object — Called by Legislature to discuss the po- 

litical situation. 

3 s. Union delegates elected by 7,000 majority. 

4 s. Convention in session, Nov. 10-17, 1851. 
3 ''. Quitman withdrew from race for Governor. 

4 ■*. Jefferson Davis resigning from the United States 

Senate made the race against Foote. 

5 1 Outcome — Foote was elected by 999 majority. 

14 \ Gov. H. S. Foote, Jan. 10, 1852, to Jan. 10, 1854. 
13. Biographical Note: 

Henry Stuart Foote was born Sept. 20, 1800, in Fauquier 
County, Va. After graduation he studied law in Richmond, was 
admitted to the bar in 1822, and removed to Tuscumbia, Ala., 
in 1825. In 1830, he located in Natchez, but later removed to 
Vicksburg. He fought in the war for Texan independence, and 
in 1839 was a member of the Lower House of Representatives 
from Hinds County. He was United States Senator from 1847 
to 1852. After retiring from the Governor's office he removed 
to California, but returned to Vicksburg in 1858. Foote op- 
posed secession, removed to Tennessee, and represented that 
state in the Confederate Congress. After the close of the war 
he continued to reside in Tennessee, and was Superintendent 
of the Mint in New Orleans during the administrations of Grant 
and Hays. He died in Nashville, Tenn., May 20, 1880. 

2 3. Decision of High Court of Errors and Appeals on Union 

Bank bonds, 1852. The Court affirmed the validity 
of the bonds. 

3 3. Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad incorporated, 1852. 
•43. McClung's eulogy on Clay, 1852. 

53. Kossuth's visit. 

6 3. Jefferson Davis became Secretary of War, 1853. 

7 3. Planters' Bank bonds repudiated by the people. 

8 3. Resignation of Gov. Foote, Jan. 5, 1854. 
93. Acting Gov. John J. Pettus, Jan. 5-10, 1854. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 31 

15 ^ Gov. John J. McRae, Jan. 10, 1854, to Nov. 16, 1857. 

1 3. Biographical Note : 

John J. McRae was born at Sneedsboro, N. C, Jan. 10, 1815, 
and removed with his parents to Mississippi in 1817. He re- 
ceived his early education at Pascagoula, and graduated at 
Miami University, Ohio, in 1834. He practiced law at Pearl- 
mington, founded the Eastern Clarion at Paulding, was repre- 
sentative from Clarke County from 1847 to 1851, and by ap- 
pointment served as United States Senator from December, 
1851, to March 7, 1852; in 1858 he was elected to Congress 
and served until his State seceded in 1861. He represented 
Mississippi in the first Confederate Congress. He died in Be- 
lise, British Honduras, May 31, 1868, and was buried there. 

2 5. Deaf and Dumb Institute founded, 1854. 

3 ^. Attempt at public school system. 

43. Code of 1857 adopted; prepared by W. L. Sharkey, 

Henry T. Ellett and Wm. L. Harris. 
5 '. Jacob Thompson became Secretary of War. 

16 ^ Gov. Wm. McWiUie, Nov. 16, 1857, to Nov. 21, 1859. 

1 3. Biographical Note : 

William McWillie was born in South Carolina, Nov. 17, 1795, 
graduated in 1817, began immediately the study of law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1818. In 1845 he removed to Madison 
County, Mississippi, and served in Congress from 1849 to 1851. 
Gov. McWillie was very conservative, and was among the last 
to abandon all hopes for a peaceful settlement of the States 
Rights question. He died at Kirkwood, his country home, in 
Madison County, March 3, 1869, and was buried there. 

2 3. Illinois Central railroad completed to Jackson, 1858. 

3 3. Slavery agitation. 

1 ". John Brown's raid, 1859. 

2*. $150,000 for arms by Mississippi Legislature. 
3 ". Robert J. Walker made Governor of Kansas. 
43. Whitworth College estabhshed, 1859. 

7\ SECESSION, Jan. 9, I86I, to Feb. 24, 1870. 

1 ^ Gov. John J. Pcttws, Nov. 21, 1859, to Nov. 16, 1863. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

John J. Pettus was born in Wilkinson County, Tenn., Oct. 9, 
1813, located in Kemper County, Miss., early in life, and from 
1844 to 1848 he represented that county in the Legislature. He 
was in the State Senate from 1848 to 1858. Gov. Pettus 
was a great advocate of States Rights and is known as the "War 
Governor". After the close of the Civil War Pettus moved to 
Arkansas, and died Jan. 27, 1867. 



32 ■ OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 3. Population, 1860, 791,305. 

3 3. Secession. 

1 *. Special session of the Legislature. 

is. Convened, Nov. 26, 1860. 

2 s. Act providing for the Convention passed Nov. 
28, 1860. 
2*. Delegates elected to Convention, Dec. 20, 1860. 
3''. Convention met, Jan. 7, 1861. 

4". Secession ordinance passed, Jan. 9, 1861, by a vote 
of 84 to 15; re-adopted Constitution of 1832, substi- 
tuting C. S. A. for U. S. A. 
5 4. Convention adjourned, Jan. 26, 1861. 
43, Resignation of Mississippi Congressmen, Jan. 21, 1861, 
53. Confederate Government formed at Montgomery, Feb. 

4, 1861. 
63. Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy, 
Feb. 9, 1861. 

7 3. State Convention reassembled at call of its President 

and ratified Constitution of Confederacy, March 
25, 1861. 

8 3. University of Mississippi closed, 1861. 

9 3. War on Mississippi soil. 

1 ". Vicksburg campaigns. May 18, 1862, to July 4, 1863. 

1 s. Farragut's attempt, by river. May- July, 1862. 

2 5. Sherman's attempt, Memphis to Chickasaw Bayou, 

driven back by S. D. Lee, Dec, 1862-Jan., 1863. 

3 5. Grant's success, May 18-July 4, 1863. 

1^ Grant's army— 75,648 men, 220 guns. 
2^. Porter's navy — Equal to army. 
3^. Pemberton's army — 15,500 in trenches. 
4 ^ Two assaults. May 18, 22. 

17. Federals engaged— 30,000 ; loss, 4,380. 

2 7. Confederates engaged — 9,939. 

2 *. Holly Springs, December, 1862, Earl Van Dorn de- 

stroyed $2,000,000 worth of Grant's stores, delaying 
his campaign against Vicksburg. 

3 \ Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 29, 1862. 

1 s. Sherman — 33,000 men. 

2 5. S. D. Lee— 2,500 men. 

3 s. Losses — Sherman, 1,776; Lee, 120. 

4 s. Result — Sherman defeated and his move against 

Vicksburg abandoned. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 33 

4*. Grierson's Raid, Lagrange, Tenn., to Baton Rouge, 
La., with 1,700 men, April-May, 1863. 

5 ". Sherman's March, Vicksburg to Brandon and re- 
turn, July, 1863. 

2 ^ Gov. Charles Clark, Nov. 16, 1863, to Nov. 22, 1865. 

1^. Biographical Note: 

Charles Clark was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1810, located 
in Jefferson County in 1841, taught school and studied law at 
the same time. He represented his county in the Legislature 
from 1838 to 1844, was a member of the Second Regiment of 
Mississippi troops in the Mexican War and was elected Colonel 
after the resignation of Col. Reuben O. Davis. From 1856 to 
1861 he represented Bolivar County in the Legislature. He 
fought in the Civil War and was seriously wounded in the battle 
of Baton Rouge. At the close of the War he was removed from 
the Governor's office and imprisoned at Fort Pulaski, Ga. 
After his release he returned to the practice of law in Bolivar 
County. In 1876, he was appointed Chancellor of the Fourth 
District. He died at his home, Dec. 17, 1877, and was buried 
there. 

2^. War on Mississippi soil. 

1 ''. Sherman's March from Vicksburg to Meridian and 

return, February to May, 1864. 
2 4. Wm. Sooy Smith, from Memphis to West Point, 

February, 1864. 

1 s. Purpose — To aid Sherman at Meridian. 

2 s. Force — 7,000 picked troops. 

3 s. Result — Driven back to Memphis by Forrest with 

2,500 troops. 
S*. Sturgis' raid — Memphis to Brice's Cross Roads, 
June, 1864. 

1 s. Purpose : 

1 ^ To destroy M. & O. railroad. 
2^. To capture General Forrest. 

2 s. Outcome — Battle of Bryce's Cross Roads, June 

10, 1864. 

1 ^ Force engaged : 

1^. Sturgis— 8,000; loss, 4,000. 
2 7. Forrest— 3,000; loss, 493. 

2 ^. Result — Sturgis defeated by Forrest and forced 

to return to Memphis. 
44. A. J. Smith — Memphis to Harrisburg, July, 1864. 
1 s. Purpose — To capture Forrest. 



34 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 5. Outcome— Battle of Hamsburg, July 14, 1864. 

1 *. Force engaged : 

17. Smith— 15,000; loss, 674. 
2 7. Forrest— 6,500; loss, 1,326. 

2 ^. Result — Battle a draw, but Smith withdrew to 

Memphis. 
3 3. Gov. Clark's proclamation, May 6, 1865. 
1 4. Announced close of the war. 

2 4. Called Legislature to meet in Jackson, May 18, 1865. 
3 ''. Directed officers to preserve order. 
4^. Begged citizens to be patriotic. 
43. Clark's arrest and imprisonment, May 22, 1865. 
53. Military in control of the State Government, May 22 
to June 13. 1865. 

3 ^ Provisional Gov. W. L. Sharkey, June 13 to Oct. 16, 1865. 
1 3. Biographical Note : 

William L. Sharkey was born in Tennessee in 1797, and re- 
moved with his parents to Warren County, Mississippi, in 1803. 
He fought in the Battle of New Orleans, attended college at 
Greenville, Tenn., studied law at Lebanon, Tenn., and in 1822 
was admitted to the bar, opening an office in Warrenton, but 
later removing to Vicksburg. He was a member of the Legisla- 
ture in 1828-'29, a Circuit Judge in 1832, Chief Justice of the 
High Court of Errors and Appeals from 1833 to 1850. In 1848 
he declined a Cabinet position under President Taylor. He was 
Consul to Cuba for a short time during the administration of 
President Filmore, and later declined the position of Secretary 
of War. Following his term as Provisional Governor he was 
elected to the United States Senate biit was not allowed to take 
his seat. He died in Washington, D. C, July 30, 1873, and was 
buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 

2 3. Constitutional Convention. 

1 ", Delegates elected, Aug. 7, 1865. 

2 4. Convention in session, Aug. 14-28, 1865. 

3^. Its work: 

1 s. Rescinded Ordinance of Secession. 

2 5. Ratified Thirteenth Amendment to the United 

States Constitution. 

3 3. Election for State officers held Oct. 2, 1865. 
43. Black Code of October, 1865. 

1 *. Provisions : 

1 5. Required freedmen to have employment by Jan. 
1, 1866. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 35 

2*. Prohibited their renting or leasing land except in 
incorporations. 
2 4. Outcome — Repealed. 

^ Gov. B. G. Humphreys, Oct. 16, 1865, to June. 15, 1868 

1 3. Biographical Note : 

Benjamin G. Humphreys was born in Claiborne County, Mis- 
sissippi, Aug. 26, 1808, attended school in Tennessee, and in 
New Jersey. In 1825 he received an appointment to West Point 
but was dismissed in 1827. In 1839 he was a member of the 
House of Representatives from Claiborne County, and member 
of the Senate from 1840 to 1844. He was a gallant soldier in 
the Civil War and was wounded at Berryville, Va. He was the 
first Governor elected in the state after the Civil War, and was 
ejected from office in 1868 by order of Gen. McDowell. After 
his retirement from office he lived in Jackson, Vicksburg and 
later on his plantation in Leflore County, where he died Dec. 
20, 1882. 

23. Mississippi Congressmen denied seats, 1865. 
33. Freedmen's Bureau, 1865. 

43. University of Mississippi opened, October, 1865. 
53. Extra session of Legislature, October, 1866. 

1 ". Fourteenth Amendment rejected, Oct. 15, 1866. 
2*. Incorporated twenty-two industries, including Wes- 
son Mills. 
3^. Appointed Commissioners G. M. Hillyer and Robert 
Lowry to beg for release of Jefferson Davis from 
Fortress Monroe. 

6 3. Code of 1866, by E. G. Goode, R. S. Hudson and Wm. 

Hemingway adopted. 

7 3. Reconstruction Act, March 23, 1867. 

8 3. Gen. E. O. C. Ord, Military Commander of Fourth 

District, composed of Mississippi and Arkansas, March 
27, 1867, to Jan. 9, 1868. 
93. Gen. A. C. Gillen, Military Commander, Fotirth Dis- 
trict, Jan. 9 to June 4, 1868. 
10 3. Constitutional Convention (Black and Tan Convention) . 
1 ". Authority — Military order issued by Gen. Ord. 
2\ Delegates elected, Nov. 5, 1867. 
3''. Convention in session, Jan. 6 to May 18, 1868. 
4 ". Personnel : 

IS. B. B. Eggleston, President. 
2 s. Classification of members. 
1 ^. Nineteen Democrats. 
2^. Nineteen carpet-baggers. 



36 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

3 *. Thirty scalawags. 

4 ^. Seventeen negroes. 
5". Cost: 

is. Salaries: 

1 ^. President — Twenty dollars a day and forty 

cents mileage. 
2*. Members — Ten dollars a day and forty cents 

mileage. 

3 *. Chaplain — Ten dollars a day. 

4 ^. Assistants — Five dollars to fifteen dollars a day. 
2 5. Sample items of personal expense : 

1^. Daily newspapers for members, $3,670.13. 
2^ Stationery, $1,927.27. 
35. Printing: 

1 ^ Daily proceedings, $28,518.75. 
2^'. Permanent records, $31,337.00. 
45. Total cost about $250,000.00. 
6^. Adoption: 

1 5. Defeated bv vote of 63,860 to 55,231, June 22-30, 

1868. 
2 s. Ratified, more objectionable parts being left out, 
Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 1869. 
7 •*. Additions and changes as compared with former 
Constitutions : 

1 s. Probate Courts abolished. 

2 s. Name of High Court of Errors and Appeals changed 

to Supreme Court. 

3 s. Judges made appointive, and terms made nine 

years. 

4 s. Terms of other State officers made four years. 

5 s. Boards of Police changed to Boards of Supervisors. 

6 s. Office of Lieutenant Governor re-established. 

7 s. Provision made for public school system. 

8 s. Office of State Superintendent of Education es- 

tablished. 
11^. Gen. Irwin McDowell, Military Commander of Fourth 

District, June 4 to July 4, 1868. 
12''. All State officers removed by order of Gen. McDowell, 
June 15, 1868. 
5 ^ Military Gov. Adelbcrt Ames, June 15, 1868, to Jan. 10, 1870. 
I-'. Biographical Note: 

Adclbert Ames was born in Rockland, Maine, Oct. 3, 1835, 
graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1861, and 



OUT LINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 37 

served through the Civil War. In 1866 he was assigned to 
military duty in Mississippi, and in 1868 was appointed Mili- 
tray Governor of the State. He served as United States Sen- 
ator from 1870 to 1873. In 1874 he assumed the duties of Gov- 
ernor, serving until 1876, when he was impeached. Upon his 
promise to resign, the impeachment charges were withdrawn 
and he resigned March 29. After leaving the state, he went to 
Massachusetts, settling in Lowell, where he still resides. He 
was a paymaster in the Spanish-American War in 1898. 

2 3. Gen. A. C. Gillen, Military Commander of the Fourth 

District, July 4, 1868, for a short time. 

3 3. Governor Ames appointed Military Commander of the 

Fourth District, serving in both capacities until March 
10, 1870. 

4 3. Constitution re-submitted. (See above.) 

5 3. General election, Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 1869. 

6 3. Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments ratified Jan. 

15, 1870. 
IK Population, 1870, 828,000. 
8 3. Mississippi Congressmen re-admitted, Feb. 24, 1870. 

8^ REUNION, Feb. 24, 1870, to Present Time. 

1 \ Gov. J. L. Alcorn, March 10, 1870, to Jan. 22, 1874. 
1 3. Biographical Note : 

James Lusk Alcorn was born Nov. 4, 1816, at Lusk's (now 
Berry's) Ferry, on the Ohio River, near Golconda, 111., was 
educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ky., taught school 
for awhile, served as deputy sheriff for five years, and was 
elected to the Kentucky Legislature. Later he studied law, was 
admitted to the bar, and located at Delta, Coahoma County, 
Miss. Twice he represented his county in the Legislature, and 
was State Senator from 1848 to 1856. He originated the levee 
system for the Mississippi- Yazoo Delta. He opposed secession, 
but signed the ordinance when Mississippi decided to secede. 
He was Brigadier-General of Mississippi Army, and assisted in 
organizing State troops for duty. He was a member of the 
Lower House of the Mississippi Legislature in 1865, and was 
elected Senator, but was not permitted to take his seat in the 
National Congress. The Republicans elected him Governor 
in 1869 and Senator in 1870. His last public service was to 
represent Coahoma County in the Constitutional Convention 
of 1890. He died Dec. 20, 1894. 

2 3. Establishment of State Normal (colored) at Holly 

Springs, 1870. 

3 3. Public school laws enacted, 1870. 
43. Meridian riot, March 6, 1871. 



38 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

53. Establishment of Alcorn A. & M. College (colored), 
Rodney, May 3, 1871. 

6 3. Resignation of Gov. Alcorn, Nov. 30, 1871. 

7 ^ Acting Gov. R. C. Powers, Nov. 30, 1871, to Jan. 22,1874. 

1 4. Biographical Note : 

Ridgley Ceylon Powers was born in Ohio, Dec. 24, 1836, 
graduated at the University of Michigan, and took post- 
graduate course at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. 
He enlisted as a private in the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was 
made Second Lieutenant, and assigned to duty in the Army 
of the Cumberland. After the war he located near Shuqua- 
lak in Noxubee County, engaged in farming, and served by 
appointment as sheriff in 1868, under military rule. He was 
elected Lieutenant Governor by the Republicans in 1869, 
and upon the resignation of Alcorn became Governor. In 
1879 Gov. Powers removed to Prescott, Arizona, and later 
to California. He died in Brawley, Cal., Nov. 11, 1912. 

21 First general election for coxmty officers since 1866 

held in 1871. 
31 Public schools put in operation, 1871. 
4 4. Alcom-Ames controversy, 1873. 
5". Extra session of the Legislature, 1873. 

1 s. Purpose — To harmonize election laws. 

2 s. Work — Nothing satisfactory. 

2 ^ Gov. Adelbcrt Ames, Jan. 22, 1874, to Jan. 10, 1878. 

1^ Biographical Note: 

(See previous administration). 

2 3. Wesson Mills rebuilt, 1874. 

3 3. Enormous rise in tax rate. 

4 ^ Extra session of the Legislature, 1874. 
53. Riots: 

1 4. Vicksburg, over bonds of county officers, 1874. 

2 4. Clinton, occasion of barbecue and speaking, 1875. 

3 '». Yazoo City, social equality, 1875. 
6 3. Extra session of the Legislature, 1875. 
73. Taxpayers' Convention, Jan., 1875. 

8 3.* Election contest of 1875. 

1 ''. Dernocratic Convention, James Z. George, Chair- 
man, Aug. 3. 

2 ''. Negro militia organized. 

3 ''. Peace committee waited on Ames, Oct. 30. 

4 1 Election held, Nov. 3 , Democrats victorious. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 39 

93. Meeting of Legislature, 1876. 

1 '». Convened Jan. 4, H. M. Street elected Speaker of 

the House. 
2 ^. Impeachment of State officials : 

1 5. Superintendent of Education, T. W. Cardoza, 
(colored), resigned under twelve charges, Feb. 22. 

2 s. Gov. Ames, Feb. 22 to March 29. 

1 ^. Charges — Twenty-three in number. 

2 ^. Outcome — Allowed to resign, March 29, charges 

being withdrawn by agreement. 

3 5. Lieutenant Gov. A. K. Davis, convicted, March 13. 

3 ". Acting Gov. J. M. Stone, March 29, 1876, to Jan. 
10, 1878. 

1 s. Biographical Note : 

John Marshall Stone was born April 30, 1830, in Gibson 
County, Tenn., where he received a common school 
education. He taught for awhile in his native county, re- 
moved to Mississippi and accepted a position as clerk in 
a country store in Tishomingo County. In 1855 he was 
station agent at luka for the Memphis and Charleston 
Railroad, where he remained until 1861. He was elected 
Captain of the luka Rifles, and on April 12, 1862, was 
elected Colonel of the Regiment. He was Senior Colonel 
of Davis' Brigade, and gained special distinction in Stone- 
wall Jackson's flank attack at the battle of Chancellors- 
ville. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate, and 
served throughout the Reconstruction period. Upon the 
impeachment of the negro Lieut.-Gov. Davis, and the 
resignation of Gov. Ames, he assumed the duties of Gov- 
ernor. In 1886 he was appointed a member of the Mis- 
sissippi Railroad Commission. After retiring from offi- 
cial life he served for a short time as President of the A. 
& M. College. He died at Holly Springs, March 26, 
1900, and was buried at luka. 

2 s. Political reforms. 

3 s. Federal troops withdrawn, 1877. 

. Gov. J. M. Stone, Jan. 10, 1878, to Jan. 9, 1882. 
1 3, Act passed establishing A. & M. College at Starkville, 
Feb. 28, 1878. 

2 5. Yellow fever epidemic, 1878. 

3 3. Finances. 

4 3. Population in 1880, 1,131,000. 

53. A. & M. College, Starkville, opened, October, 1880. 



40 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

4 \ Gov. Robert Lowry, Jan. 9, 1882, to Jan. 16, 1890. 

1^. Biographical Note: 

Robert Lowry was born March 10, 1831, in South Carolina. 
After coming to Mississippi he engaged in the mercantile busi- 
ness for about six years, later moving to Arkansas, where he 
read law and was admitted to the bar. Returning to Missis- 
sippi he practiced law until the beginning of the Civil War. 
In 1861 he enlisted as a private, was elected Major of the Sixth 
Mississippi Regiment and was commissioned Colonel of the 
Regiment in 1862. At the battles of Corinth, Port Gibson and 
Baker's Creek he led his regiment, and was with Johnson during 
the siege of Vicksburg. In 1865 the Democrats elected him to 
the State Senate and he was elected Governor twice. He and 
W. H. McCardle published a history of Mississippi in 1891. 
He died Jan. 19, 1910, at Jackson. 

2 3. Railroad Commission created, 1882. 

3 3. Mississippi River overflow, 1882. 

4 3. Great industrial development. 

5 3. Railroad building. 

6 3. Co-education inaugurated at the University, 1883. 
IK I. I. & C. established, 1884; opened Oct. 22, 1885. 

8 3. Visit of Jefferson Davis to Jackson, March 10, 1884. 

9 3. East Mississippi Insane Hospital established, 1884. 
10'. Local option law passed, 1886. 

113. School laws remodeled, 1886. 

12 3. Death of Jefferson Davis, New Orleans, Dec. 6, 1889. 

13 3. Defalcation of State Treasurer, W. L. Hemingway, for 

about $316,000.00. 

b\ Gov. J. M. Stone, Jan. 16, 1890, to Jan. 21, 1896. 
1 3. Biographical Note : 

(See previous administration). 

2 3. Pearl River County formed, 1890. 
33. Population, 1890, 1,289,000. 
43. New Constitution adopted, 1890. 

1 ''. Act providing for the same passed, Feb. 5. 
2 4. Delegates to the Convention elected, July 29. 
3''. Convention in session, Aug. 12 to Nov. 1. 
Is. Prominent members: 

1*. President, S. S. Calhoun; Secretary, R. E. 

Wilson. 
2^. Chairmen of Committees: Legislative, H. M. 
Street; Judiciary, Wiley P. Harris; Executive, 
W. G. Yerger; Franchise, R. C. Patty; Bill of 
Rights, Edward Mayes; MiHtia, Gen. W. S. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 41 

Featherston; Education, Gen. S. D. Lee; Cor- 
porations, H. L. Muldrow; Temperance, J. B. 
Chrisman; Convicts, R. A. Dean. 
3*. United States vSenators in the body: J. Z. 
George, J. L. Alcorn, A. J. McLaurin. 
2 5. Principal articles: 

1 *. Franchise, Article 12 and Ordinance. 

2 ^. Penitentiary and Prisons, Article 10. 

3 \ Education, Article 8. 
4^. Corporations, Article 7. 

5*^. General Provisions, Article 14. 
3 •'. Term of State officers extended two years. 
4 1 Constitution not submitted to people for ratification. 
5^. Confederate monument unveiled, June 3, 1891. 
bK Code of 1892, R. H. Thompson, Geo. C. Dillard, R. 
B. Campbell. 

7 ^. Millsaps College opened, Sept. 29, 1892. 

8 ^. Additional township of land donated to the University 

of Mississippi, 1894. 

6^ Gov. A. J. McLaurin, Jan. 21, 1896, to Jan. 16, 1900. 

1^. Biographical Note: 

Anslem Joseph McLaurin was born March 26, 1848, at Bran- 
don, Miss., was reared on a farm, and enlisted in the army at 
the age of sixteen. After the war he was a student at Summer- 
ville Institute, studied law at home, was admitted to the bar 
and located at Raleigh, Smith County. He was District At- 
torney, Representative from Rankin County in 1879, delegate 
from Rankin County to the Constitutional Convention in 1890, 
was elected United States Senator in 1894, and elected Governor 
in 1895. He was re-elected United States Senator in 1900, took 
his seat March 4, 1901; re-elected Jan. 20, for a term of six 
years, beginning March 4, 1907. He died at Brandon, Dec. 
24, 1909. 

2 3. Special session of the Legislature, 1897. 

1 1 Purpose — To provide for a new capital. 
2 4. Work— Adopted the "Gordon Plan". The Governor 
vetoed the bill and the session adjourned. 

3 3. Veto of L I. & C. appropriation, 1898. 

43. War with Spain; Mississippi furnished three regiments. 
53. Death of Senator George at Mississippi City, August 

14, 1897. 
6^ Death of Senator Walthall at Washington, D. C, April 

21, 1898. 
7 3. Yellow fever epidemics, 1898 and 1899. 



42 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

7 ^ Gov. A. H. Longino, Jan. 16, 1900, to Jan. 19, 1904. 
1^. Biographical Note: 

Andrew Houston Longino was born in Lawrence County, 
Mississippi, May 16, 1854, graduated from Mississippi College 
in 1875, and served four years as clerk of his county. In 1881 
he graduated from the Law Department of the University of 
Virginia, and was admitted to the bar that year, locating at 
Monticello. From 1880 to 1884 he was State Senator, United 
vStates District Attorney for Southern District of Mississippi 
from 1888 to 1890. After retiring from Attorney's office he 
located at Greenville for the practice of law. He was appointed 
Chancellor of the Seventh District by Gov. Stone and re-ap- 
pointed by Gov. McLaurin, removing in the meantime to Green- 
ville. Since retiring from the Governor's office in 1904, he has 
resided in Jackson, devoting himself to the practice of law and 
the promotion of business enterprises. 

23. Population, 1900, 1,551,270. 
3 3. New capitol, 1900-1903. 

1 ^. Act passed for its erection, and $1,000,000 appro- 

priated, Feb 21, 1900 
2\ Comer stone laid, June 3, 1903. 
31 Occupied, 1903. 
43. Additional penal lands bought. 

53. Mississippi-Louisiana boundary dispute settled; Louis- 
iana won. 
63. New State offices: 

1 1 Department of Archives and History, Feb. 26, 1902. 

2 4. Department of Insurance, March 5, 1902. 
73. Primary Election law passed, 1902. 

8 3. Yazoo canal dug (Vicksbiu-g). 

93. Remnant of Choctaws removed west. 

8^ Gov- J. K. Vardaman, Jan. 19, 1904, to Jan. 21, 1908. 
1 3. Biographical Note : 

James Kimble Vardaman was born in Jackson County, Texas, 
July 26, 1861, removed to Mississippi in early life and attended 
the public schools of Yalobusha County. He studied law and 
located in Winona in 1882. He engaged in different newspaper 
enterprises, removed to Greenwood, and was a member of the 
House of Representatives from Leflore County in 1894, being 
Speaker the latter part of the session. He served in the Spanish- 
American War, was the first Governor nominated by general 
primary and inaugurated in the new capitol. In 1912 he was 
elected United States Senator for the full term beginning March 
4, 1913. 

2 3. State uniformity in text-books provided, 19o4. 
33. Lamar County created, 1904. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 43 

4^. Provision made for new buildings for Deaf and Dumb 
Institution, 1904. 

5 3. Forrest and Jefferson Davis Counties created in 1906. 

6 K Code of 1906 prepared by A. H. Whitfield, W. H. Hardy 

and T. C. Catchings. 

7 3. Department of Agriculture created, 1906. 

8 3. Geographical and topographical survey of the state. 
9^. First foreign cargo received at Giilfport, August, 1904. 

10 ^. Beauvoir bought and equipped as a soldier's home. 

11 ^ Negro Normal at Holly Springs killed by veto of bill 

appropriating money for its support. 

9^ Gov. E. F. Noelt Jan. 21, 1908, to Jan. 16, 1912. 
1 3. Biographical Note: 

Edmund Favor Noel was born in Holmes County, Missis- 
sippi, March 4, 1856, was educated in the country schools and 
in the high school at Louisville, Ky. He studied law under 
private instruction, was admitted to the bar in 1877, and lo- 
cated at Lexington, Mississippi. Mr. Noel was elected Rep- 
resentative in 1881, District Attorney in 1887, State Senator 
in 1895, and again in 1899. While serving as State Senator 
he secured the passage of the present Primary Election law, 
abolishing party conventions and substituting therefor party 
primaries for nominating all party candidates. Upon retiring 
from the Governor's office in 1912 Mr. Noel resumed the prac- 
tice of law at Lexington. 

23. State wide prohibition law passed, 1908. 
33. Agricultural high schools provided for, 1908. 
4 3. Death of Senator McLaurin, Dec. 24, 1909. 
53. State Normal College. 

1 ". Provided for, March 30, 1910. 

2''. Located in Hattiesburg with a bonus of 840 acres 

of land and $250,000 from city and county. 
3 1 Opened first session, Sept. 18, 1912, with 250 students. 
6 3. Death of Ex-Gov. Lowry, Jan. 19, 1910. 
73. Population, 1910, 1,797,114. 
83. George County created, March 10, 1910. 
93. New offices: 

1^. Supreme Court Commissioners, created 1910; abol- 
ished 1912. 
2 4. County Attorney, created 1910; made optional with 
the different counties in 1912. 
103. Adoption of depository system for State funds. 
113. Bond issue of 1910 and wrangle about the same. 

12 3. Strike of I. C. Railroad employees. 



44 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

133. State Charity Hospital, March 30, 1910. 
14 3. Extra session of Legislature, December, 1911, to adjust 
bond issue complications. 

10 ^ Gov. E. L. Brewer, Jan. 16, 1912- 
1 K Biographical Note : 

Earl LeRoy Brewer was born in Carroll County, Aug. 11, 
1869, attended the country schools, graduated in law in the 
University of Mississippi in 1892, and located at Water Valley 
for the practice of his profession. He served as State Senator 
from 1896 to 1900, as District Attorney from 1902 to 1907. 
In the latter year he was defeated for Governor, but in 1911, 
was elected without opposition and was inaugurated Jan. 16, 
1912. 

23. Legal contract rate of interest changed from 10 per 

cent to 8 per cent, 1912. 
3 3. Rural school consolidation laws improved, 1912. 
43. Mississippi River overflow, 1912. 
53. Improvement at Soldiers' Home. 
6 3. Walthall County created, subject to vote of people 

in proposed county, 1912. 
73. Death of C. H. Alexander, 1912. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 45 

TOPICAL OUTLINE. 

Georgia Claims. 
vSee pages 13, 14 for full discussion. 

French Proprietors. 

1 ^ Anthony Crozat, 1712-1717. 

2 \ John Law and his Company, 1717-1732. 

Black Codes. 

1 \ Bienville's Black Code, 1724. 

2 ^ Black Code of 1865. 

Constitutions. 

1'. Constitution of 1817. 
2\ Constitution of 1832. 
3'. Constitution of 1868-'69. 
4\ Constitution of 1900. 

Banks. 
1\ Bank of Mississippi, 1809. 

2 \ Bank of the State of Mississippi, 1818. 

3 ^ Planters' Bank of Mississippi, 1830. 
4^ Union Bank, 1837-'38. 

5 ^ Decision of High Court of Errors and Appeals on validity of 

State bonds, proceeds of which had been invested in stock 
of Planters' and Union Banks, 1853. 

Codes. 

1 \ Sargent's Code, 1799. 

2 \ Toulmin's Digest, 1805. 
3^ Poindexter's Code, 1822. 
4'. Hutchinson's Code, 1848. 
5'. Code of 1857. 

6 K Code of 1866. 

7 \ Code of 1892. 
8^ Code of 1906. 

Eight Epochs. 

1 ^ Exploration, 1538-1682. 

2 ^ French Territory, 1682-1763. 

3 ^ English Territory, 1763-1783. 

4 ^ Spanish Territory, 1783-1795. 

5 ^ United States Territory, 1795-1817. 
6^ Independent State, 1817-1861. 

7 ^ Secession, 1861-1870. 
8^ Reunion, 1870-1913. 



46 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

Extra Sessions of the Legislature. 
1'. Runnells, 1835. 
2\ Pettus, 1860. 
3 '. Humphreys, 1866. 
4^ Powers, 1873. 
5^ Ames; 

l^ First, 1874. 

2\ Second, 1875. 
6'. McLaurin, 1897. 
1\ Noel, 1911. 

Territorial Acquisition. 

1 ^ By occupation — The original Mississippi Territory, 1798. 

2 \ By gift— The twelve-mile strip, 1804. 

3 '. By annexation — Coast addition, 1812. 

4 ^ By purchase : 

1 ^ From Georgia, 1802. 

2 ^. From Indians : 

13. Choctaws: 

14. Old Natchez District, 1777-1801. 

2 -•. First Choctaw Cession, 1805. 

3 ''. Second Choctaw Cession, 1820. 

4 4. Third Choctaw Cession, 1830. 
2 2. From Chickasaws: 

1 ". First Chickasaw Cession, 1816. 

2 4. Second Chickasaw Cession, 1832. 

Capitals. 
1 ^ Ocean Springs, 1699-1701. 
2'. Dauphin Island, 1701-1710. 
3^ Mobile, 1710-1717. 
4'. Biloxi, 1717-1723. 
5'. New Orleans, 1723-1763. 
6\ Pensacola, 1763-1783. 
7^ Natchez, 1783-1802. 
8^ Washington, 1802-1817. 
9'. Natchez, 1817-1821. 
10 ^ Columbia, 1821-1822. 
\\\ Jackson, 1822- 

NoTE.(a) Between the dates 1802 and 1821 the Legislature 
met sometimes at Natchez and sometimes at Washington. 

(6) From 1861 to 1865 the seat of government was tempo- 
rarily moved from place to place, to escape Federal 
troops. 



INDIAN CESSIONS AND EARLY ROADS. 

©Nashville 



35P CHOCTAW 

1&30 






St^TEPHENS. 



48 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

Beginnings. 

1 ^ First settlement and capital, Ocean Springs, 1699. 

2 ^ First cargo of slaves, 1720. 
3'. First Church: 

l^ Catholic, 1699. 
2 ^. Congregationalist, 1772. 
3^ Baptist, 1791. 
4^ Methodist, 1799. 
5^ Presbyterian, 1804. 
6^ Episcopal, 1820. 
4\ Educational: 

1 ^ First public school for girls, 1801. 

2 ^ First college, 1802. 

3 ^. First denominational academy, 1818. 
4^. First public school for both sexes, 1821. 

5^ First cotton gin, 1795. 
6 \ First newspaper, 1799. 
7\ First steamboat, 1812. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 49 

, MISSISSIPPI IN WAR. 

1 \ Natchez Wars. 

l^ First, 1716. 

2\ Second, 1729-1731. 

2 ^ Chickasaw Wars. 

1 ^ First expedition, 1736. 
2\ Second Expedition, 1740. 
3^ Third Expedition, 1752-1753. 

3 \ Revolotionary War, 1776-1783. 
4'. Creek War, 1813-1814. 

5^ War of I8I2, 1812-1814. 
6 \ Mexican War, 1846-1847. 

1 ^ Forces furnished — Two regiments, besides many indi- 
vidual volunteers. 
2\ Men: 

1 3. Governors afterwards — Charles Clark, Robert Lowry, 

John A. Quitman. 
2 3. Senators afterwards — Jefferson Davis, J. Z. George. 
33. In Civil War: 

1 ^. Wm. Barksdale, killed at Gettysburg. 

2 4. Richard Griffith, killed in Seven Days' Battles. 
3 ''. Carnot Posey, killed at Brandy Station. 

44. M. P. Lowrey and Earl Van Dorn. 
4^ A. B. Bradford, Reuben Davis, J. H. Kilpatrick, A. 
G. McClung, E. R. Price. 
3^ Exploits: 

1 3. First Regiment at Monterey. 

2 3. V formation at Beuna Vista. 

3 3. Raised United States flag over Mexico City, John A. 

Quitman. 
43. Governor of Mexico, John A. Quitman. 

7 '. Civil War. 

1 ^. Mississippians outside the State. 
1 3. In campaigns: 

1 ''. To defend Richmond — Wm. Barksdale, Jos. R. 
Davis, N. H. Harris, B. G. Humphreys, Richard 
Griffith, Carnot Posey, J. M. Stone. 
2 ''. To defend Mississippi River points — Wirt Adams, 
I. N. Brown, J. R. Chalmers, H. L. Muldrow, S. D. 
Lee, T. R. Stockdale, Earl Van Dorn. 



WAR ON MISSISSIPPI SOU, I862-I864. 




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OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 5l 

3*. To prevent division of Confederacy, the Georgia 
campaign — ^W. S. Featherston, S. G. French, M. 
P. Lowrey, W. T. Martin, J. M. Sharp, E. C. Wal- 
' thall. 
2 J. In battles: 

1 4. Brandy Station, Posey killed. 

2 '». Franklin, Walthall conspicuous. 

3 1 Fort Pillow, Chalmers conspicuous. 

4*. Gettysburg, Barksdale killed, J. JVI. Stone wounded. 

5 ''. Ringgold, M. P. Lowrey saved Gen. Bragg's army by 
a remarkable strategic movement. 

6 ■». Seven Days — Richard Griffith killed. 

. War on Mississippi soil: 
1 3. Vicksburg campaigns, May 18, 1862-July 4, 1863. 

1 4. Farragut's attempt — By river. May- July, 1862. 

2^. Sherman's attempt — Memphis to Chickasaw Bayou; 
driven back by S. D. Lee, Dec, 1862- Jan., 1863. 

3 4. Grant's success. May 18-July 4, 1863. 

1 s. Grant's army— 75,648 men, 220 guns. 

2 5. Porter's navy — Equal to army. 

3 s. Pemberton's army — 15,500 in trenches. 

4 5. Two assaults. May 18, 22. 

1^ Federals engaged— 30,000 ; loss, 4,380. 
2^. Confederates engaged — 9,939. 

2 3. Holly Springs, December, 1862, Earl Van Dom destroyed 

$2,000,000 worth of Grant's stores, delaying his cam- 
paign against Vicksburg. 

3 3. Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 29, 1862. 

1 4. Sherman— 30,000 men. 
21 S. D. Lee— 2,500 men. 
34. Losses— Sherman, 1,776; Lee, 120._ 
41 Result — Sherman defeated and his move against 
Vicksburg abandoned. 
43. Grierson's Raid — Lagrange, Tenn., to Baton Rouge, 

La., with 1,700 men, April-May, 1863. 
53. Sherman's March — Vicksburg to Brandon and return, 

July, 1863. 
6 ^ Sherman's March — ^Vicksburg to Meridian and return, 

February-May, 1864. 
7K Wm. Sooy Smith — From Memphis to West Point, 
February, 1864. 
1 1 Piupose — To aid Sherman at Meridian. 



52 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

2 4. Force — 7,000 picked troops. 

3 ". Result— Driven back to Memphis by Forrest, with 
2,500 troops. 
8'. Sturgis' Raid — Memphis to Brice's Cross Roads, Jan- 
uary, 1864. 
1 4. Purpose : 

1 s. To destroy M. & 0. Railroad. 

2 s. To capture Gen. Forrest. 

3 5. Outcome — Battle of Brice's Cross Roads, Jan. 

10, 1864. 

1 ^. Force engaged : 

17. Sturgis— 8,000; loss, 4,000. 
2 7. Forrest— 3,000; loss, 493. 

2 ^. Result — Sturgis defeated by Forrest and forced 

to return to Memphis. 
93. A. J. Smith — Memphis to Harrisburg, July, 1864. 
1 4. Purpose — To capture Forrest. 
24. Outcome— Battle of Harrisburg, July 14, 1864. 

1 s. Force engaged : 

1^ Smith— 15,000; loss, 674. 
2^ Forrest— 6,500; loss, 1,326. 

2 s. Result — Battle a draw, but Smith withdrew to 

Memphis. 

8 ^ Spanish-American War — Two regiments furnished. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 53 

EDUCATION. 
1 '. Beginnings. 

l\ First female public school — Natchez, 1801. 
2^ First college — Jefferson, Washington, 1802. 
3 ^ First denominational academy — -Elizabeth Female Acad- 
emy, Washington, 1818. 
4^ First free school — -Franklin Academy, Columbus, 1821. 
5 ^ First graded school, Natchez, 1845. 

2 '. Early history. 

1 ^. United States land grants, 16th section for schools. 

1 3. Coiinty courts given control of this land. 
2 3, Trustees authorized in each township to lease the land, 
build school houses and employ teachers. 

2 ^ The Literary fund. 

1 3. Source — Fines and forfeitures. 

2 3. Amount— $30,000 in 1836. 

3 3. Fate — Invested in bank stock and lost. 

3 ^. Gov. Brown's attempt. 

1 3. Made it a plank in Democratic platform, 1845. 

2 3. Legislature passed a bill for uniform system, the money 

to be raised by local taxation. 

3 3. Outcome — Local tax was not voted and plan failed. 
4^ McRae's attempt, 1856, failed. 

3 ^ Present system. 
1^ Public. 

1 3. Common schools. 
1 ''. History. 

1 s. Provided for by Constitution of 1869. 

2 s. Enacted into law, 1870. 

3 s. Put into operation, 1871. 

4 5. Revised largely, 1886. 
2 4. Classes of schools. 

1 s. Rural, including all town schools that are not 

separate districts. 

2 s. Separate districts, comprising all cities and most 

towns. 
1^ Number— About 160. 

2". Total expenditure annually, about $1,000,000. 
Z\ Funds: 
is. Sources: 

1^, Poll tax, $2.00. 



64 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY, 

2 ^. General fund from State tax on property. 
3"^. Special levies. 

4*. Sixteenth section and Chickasaw school funds. 
1 7. Sixteenth section (Choctaw), largely lost by 

bad investment. 
2 7. Chickasaw, $1,034,163.22, which the State 
uses and on which it pays 6 per cent per 
annum. 
2s. Disbursement: 

1 *. Poll tax retained in county or separate district 

where collected. 
2^ General fund to the counties and separate 
school districts, according to the number of 
educable children in each, two-thirds in Jan- 
uary, and one-third in July (see Constitution, 
sec. 206). 

3 ^. Special levy used by the county or separate 

district wherein collected. 

4 ^. Chickasaw — Made semi-annually, first of May 

and November. 

5 *. Sixteenth — Remnant of the same controlled 

by Boards of Supervisors of counties where 
sections are located. 
3 5. State appropriation for 1912, $1,424,088.00 the 
same for 1913. 
4 4. Educable population, 1912, whites, 311,389; colored, 

425,967. 
5*. State Superintendents of Education: 
is. H. R. Pease, 1869-1873. 
2s. T. W. Cardoza, 1873-1876. 

3 s. T. S. Gathright, 1876-short time. 

4 s. Joseph Bardwell, 1876-1877. 

5 s. J. A. Smith, 1877-1885. 

6 5. J. R. Preston, 1885-1895. 

7s. A. A. Kincannon, 1895-1898. 
8s. H. L. Whitfield, 1898-1907. 
9 s. J.N. Powers, 1907- 

23. Agricultural High Schools. 

1 ^. Purpose — To form a connecting link between rural 
schools and colleges, and also to afford vocational 
training, particularly agricultural and domestic, for 
country boys and girls. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 55 

2 4. Legal provisions: 

1 s. Creator — County school board. 
2s. Requirements: 

1 *. Twenty acres of land. 

2 ^. Dormitory room for forty boarders. 

3 5. Support: 

1^. State appropriation — $1,500 if attendance is 
less than thirty boarders; $2,000 if attendance 
is between thirty and forty boarders; $2,500 
if over forty boarders. 
2^. Tax — Special county levy of not more than 
two mills. 

1 7. Levied by Board of Supervisors. 
2 7. Twenty per cent of voters may force an 
election on the same. 

4*. Government: 

1 ^. Board of five trustees. 
1 7. Manner of election. 

1 ^ Two by Board of Supervisors. 
2*. Two by County School Board. 
3^ County Superintendent, ex-officio. 

2 7. Powers: 

1 ^. Control property. 
2^ Employ teachers. 
3^. Fix salaries. 

4 ^ Discharge any other function usually in- 
cident to sirnilar positions. 
2^ Coiut of appeal — ^The State Board of Educa- 
tion.' 
5 5. Number of schools in operation, 1912-1913 — 
Twenty-seven. 

3 3. State Schools: 

1 4. University. 

1 5. History: 

1 ^ Township of land donated by the United 

States in 1819. 
2^ Oxford selected as location, Feb. 20, 1840. 

3 ^ Chartered, Feb. 23, 1844. 

4 *>. First session opened, Nov. 6, 1848. 

5 ^. Enlarged as to buildings, apparaturs, etc., 1856. 

6 ^ Closed for Civil War, faculty and students en- 

listing, 1861. 



56 ' OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

7«. Re-opened, October, 1865, J. N. Waddell, 
Chancellor. 

8 *. Preparatory department organized, 1865. 

9 ^. Agricultural department maintained from 1872 

to 1878. 
10 ^ Made co-educational, June, 1882. 
11^. Preparatory department abolished, 1892. 

2 5. Support: 

1 ^ From sale of land granted by United States 

in 1819, $277,332.52. 
2K Original Seminary Fund of $544,061.22, on 

which the State pays 6 per cent. 
3 ^. Township of land granted by United States 

in 1894, income from proceeds of sale being 

$9,359.16 per annum. 
4^ Appropriations from State Treasury for both 

equipment and support. 

35. Appropriations: 

1^ For support, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914. 

1 ■'. Interest on Seminary and Land Grant Funds 

held in trust by the State, $84,155.97. 

2 7. Supplement to Seminary and Land Grant 

Funds, $64,500. 

2 ^ For special and miscellaneous purposes, Jan. 

1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914, $66,300. 
4 5. Average attendance, 400. 
2 4. Alcorn A. & M. College, colored. 
1 5. History: 

1 ^ Buildings and grounds of Oakland College at 

Rodney bought by the State and chartered 
as Alcorn University, for men, 1871. 

2 ^ Name changed to Alcorn A. & M. College, 1878. 

3 ^ Made co-educational in 1902. 

2K Support, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914: 

1 ^. Agricultural Land Script Fund established by 

Congress in 1862, $13,629. 
2^ Interest on College lands. Acts of 1898, $11,- 

555.54. 
3^ Morrill Bill Fund, about $26,000. 
4^. State donation, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914, 
$30,074. 

3 ^. Average attendance, 470. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 57 

31 Mississippi A. & M. College, white. 
1 s. History : 

1 ^. Act of incorporation passed by Legislature, 

Feb. 28, 1878. 
2K Starkville selected as site, Dec. 13, 1878. 

3 *. First session opened, Oct. 6, 1880. 

4 *. Agricultural for the first ten years; since added 

Engineering and Textile Departments. 
2s. Support, from Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914. 

1 ^ From the Morrill Bill Fund, for two years, 

about $20,000.00. 

2 ^. Interest on United States Land Grant, $28,- 

774.72. 

3^ State donation, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914 
$239,900.00. : 

4 \ Farmers' Institutes, 1912 and 1913, $15,000.00.' 

5 ^. To experiment stations, 1912 and 1913, $55,- 

300.00. 
6^. Sale of products, etc., for two years, about 

$200,000.00. 
7 ^. Maintenance of department of State chemist, 

$54,725.00. 
3 s. Average attendance, 668. 

4 4. Industrial Institute and College. 
1 5. History: 

1 ^. First advocate. Miss Sallie E. Reneau, of Gre- 
nada, 1858. 
2^. Other promoters — Mrs. Anna C. Peyton, of 
Copiah, and Mrs. John C. Hastings, of 
Claiborne. 

3 ^. Act providing for establishment passed, March 

12, 1884. 

4 ^ Columbus gave $100,000 to secure its location. 

5 ^. First session opened, Oct. 22, 1885. 
2s. Support: 

1 ^. Interest on United States Land Grant, 1912 

and 1913, $18,788.64. 
2^ Donation from State, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 

1914, $163,135.00. 
3 s. Average attendance, 690. 



58 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 

5''. Mississippi Normal College, 
is. History: 

1 ^, Established by Act of Legislature, approved 

March 30, 1910. 
2^. Located in Hattiesburg, September 16, 1910. 
3^. Bonus: 

17. Forrest County— $100,000.00. 

2 7. Hattiesburg— $150,000.00. 

3 ">. Private individuals, 840 acres of land. 

4 ^. First session opened, Sept. 18, 1912, with about 
250 students. 
2 s. Support : 

I**. Equipment, 1912, 1913, $76,500.00. 
2\ Salaries and printing, 1912, $10,000.00. 

2 6. Salaries and printing, 1913, $40,000.00. 
2'. Denominational schools. 

3 *. Private schools. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 59 



GOVERNORS. 



Winthrop Sargent May 7, 1798, to May 25, 1801. 

W. C. C. Claiborne ..._ .May 25, 1801, to March 1, 1805. " 

Robert Williams.... March 1, 1805, to March !,■ 1809. 

David Holmes March 7, 1809, to December, 1817. 

David Holmes ....Dec. 10, 1817, to Jan. 5, 1820. 

George Poindexter Jan. 5, 1820, to Jan. 7, 1822. 

Walter Leake Jan. 7, 1822, to Nov. 17, 1825. 

Gerard C. Brandon • ..Nov. 17, 1825, to Jan. 7, 1826. 

David Holmes Jan. 7, to July 25, 1826. 

Gerard C. Brandon ^ July 25, 1822, to Jan. 9, 1832. 

Abram M. Scott ^ Jan. 9, 1832, to June 12, 1833. 

Charles Lynch June 12 to Nov. 20, 1833. 

Hiram G. Runnells Nov. 20, 1833, to Nov. 20, 1835. 

John A. Quitman 4. Dec. 3, 1835, to Jan. 7, 1836. 

Charles Lynch.... .Jan. 7, 1836, to Jan. 8, 1838. 

A. G. McNutt Jan. 8, 1838, to Jan. 10, 1842. 

T. M. Tucker. Jan. 10, 1842, to Jan. 10, 1844. 

A. G. Brown. ...Jan. 10, 1844, to Jan. 10, 1848. 

Jos. W. Matthews Jan. 10, 1848, to Jan. 10, 1850. 

J. A. Quitman Jan. 10, 1850, to Feb. 3, 1851. 

John L Guions Feb. 3, to Nov. 4, 1851. 

James Whitfield <* Nov. 24, 1851, to Jan. 10, 1852. 

H. S. Foote Jan. 10, 1852, to Jan. 5, 1854. 

John J. Pettus i Jan. 5, to Jan. 10, 1854. 

John J. McRae Jan. 10, 1854, to Nov. 16, 1857. 

William McWillie Nov. 16, 1857, to Nov. 21, 1859. 

(1) Gov. Leake died Nov. 17, 1825, and was succeeded by Lieutenant 

Governor Brandon. 

(2) Gov. Holmes resigned in July, 1826, and was succeeded by Lieut. 

Gov. Brandon. 

(3) Gov. Scott died June 12, 1833, and was succeeded by Charles Lynch, 

President of the Senate. 

(4) Gov. Runnells vacated the Executive office Nov. 20, 1835, and was 

succeeded by J. A. Quitman, President of the Senate. There 
was an interregnum from Nov. 20 to Dec. 3. 

(5) Gov. Quitman resigned Feb. 3, 1851, and was succeeded by J. 1. 

Guion, President of the Senate. 

(6) Gov. Guion's term as Senator expired Nov. 3, 1851. The Senate 

met Nov. 25, and elected James Whitfield President, who served 
as Governor until Jan. 10, 1852. There was an interregnum 
from Nov. 3 to Nov. 25, 1851. 

(7) Gov. Foote resigned Jan. 5, 1854, and was succeeded by John J. 

Pettus, President of the Senate. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 



John J. Pettus Nov. 21, 1859, to Nov. 16, 1863. 

Charles Clark ._.... ....Nov. 16, 1863, to May 22, 1865. 

W. L. Sharkey 8 May 22 to Oct. 16, 1865. 

B. G. Humphreys .Oct. 16, 1865, to June 15, 1868. ■ 

Adelbert Ames 9 ......June 15, 1868, to March 10, 1870. 

Jas. L. Alcorn March 10, 1870, to Nov. 30, 1871. 

R. C. Powers'"... .Nov. 30, 1871, to Jan. 4, 1874. 

Adelbert Ames .....Jan. 4, 1874, to March 29, 1876. 

John M. Stone ' ' March 29, 1876, to Jan. 9, 1882. 

Robert Lowrey ......Jan. 9, 1882, to Jan. 13, 1890. 

John M. Stone...... Jan. 13, 1890, to Jan. 20, 1896. 

A. J. McLaurin .....Jan. 20, 1896, to Jan. 16, 1900. 

A. H. Longino-.... Jan. 16, 1900, to Jan. 19, 1904. 

J. K. Vardaman... Jan. 19, 1904, to Jan. 21, 1908. 

E. F. Noel Jan. 21, 1908, to Jan. 16, 1912. 

E. L. Brewer ...Jan. 16, 1912, to 

(8) Gov. Clark was removed by Federal soldiers, May 22, 1865, and was 

succeeded by W. L. Sharkey, as Provisional Governor by ap- 
pointment of President Johnson. 

(9) Gov. Humphreys was removed by Federal soldiers June 15, 1868, 

and was succeeded by Adelbert Ames as Military Governor. 

(10) Gov. Alcorn resigned Nov. 30, 1871, and was succeeded by Lieut. 

Governor Powers. 

(11) Gov. Ames resigned March 19, 1876, and was succeeded by John M. 

Stone, President of the Senate, the Lieut. Governor having 
been impeached. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 61 



STATE OFFICERS, I9I2-I9I6, AND SALARIES. 

OFFICE. INCUMBENT. COMtENSAT.ON. 

Governor E. L. Brewer $ 5,000 

Lieutenant Governor T. G. Bilbo, $600 as Pres. Senate; per diem 

of $6 for special sessions. 

Secretary of State J. W. Power 2,400 

Attorney General Ross Collins 3,000 

Treasurer.... P. S. StovalL. 3,000 

Auditor of Public Accounts, D. L. Thompson 2,500 

Insurance Commissioner. T. M. Henry 3,000 

Revenue Agent Wirt Adams ._. 20% on all collections 

Supt. of Education.. -.-J..N. Powers 2,500 

Com'r of Agriculture H. E. Blakeslee 2,400 

Land Commissioner M. A. Brown. 2,000 

Clerk of Supreme Court G. C. Myers Fees, and for recording 

opinions, $400.00 
Railroad Commissioners. G. R. Edwards, 1st Dist 

F. M. Sheppard, 2d Dist.._ 

W. B. Wilson, 3d Dist 2,000 each 

Penitentiary Trustees W. A. Montgomery, 1st Dist. 

C. C. Smith, 2d Dist 

L. T. Taylor, 3d Dist 2,000 each 

SUPREME COURT JUDGES. 

Chief Justice Sidney McCain Smith $4,500 

Associate Justice Samuel C. Cook.... 4,500 

Associate Justice Richard Forman Read 4,500 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

J. S. Williams — Term expires March 3, 1917. 
J. K. Vardaman — Term expires March 3, 1919. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

(Terms expire March 3, 1915.) 

First District E. S. Candler, Jr. 

Second District H. D. Stephens. 

Third District B. G. Humphreys. 

Fourth District T. U. Sisson. 

Fifth District S. A. Witherspoon. 

Sixth District.... B. P. Harrison. 

Seventh District ....P. E. Quinn. 

Eighth District.. J. W. Collier. 



62 



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63 



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OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 



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JANUARY APPORTIONMENT, I9I3, OF 
THE COMMON SCHOOL FUND. 

Rate per capita for year... .$1.93134 

Two-thirds of this, or 1.28757 

Multiplied by number of Educable Children will give amount of the 

January Distribution. 



Adams County 

Natchez 

Alcorn County 

Corinth 

Rienzi. 

Amite County 

Gloster 

Liberty.. ._ 

Attala County 

Ethel 

Kosciusko 

Sallis...- 

*Liberty..._ 

*Hesterville 

*SpringdaIe 

McCool 

♦Zilpha...- 

*Mill Creek_ 

*Bowlin 

♦Providence _ 

*Ayers 

Benton County 

Bolivar County 

Calhoun County 

HolHs 

Carroll County 

Carrollton 

Vaiden 

Chickasaw County 

Okolona 

Houston 

Choctaw County 

Weir 

Ackerman 

Claiborne County 

Port Gibson 

Clarke County 

Quitman 

Enterprise 

♦Rural School 



<u aJ 13 

•§ 3 ? 

§ -a 'rS 

►5 w o 



5,734 

5,074 

5,172 

1 ,598 
174 

7,421 
408 
225 

9,226 
121 
766 
306 
168 
313 
292 
157 
213 
273 
192 
201 
278 

4,602 
15,183 

7,153 

69 

10 ,249 

369 

237 

7,358 

1,048 
786 

5,616 
194 
501 

6,335 
872 

7,953 
258 
263 



O K 

o. a 

p. o 



$ 7 ,382 .90 
6,533.10 

6 ,659 .25 
2 ,057 .55 

224 .05 

9 ,555 .05 

.525 .35 

289 .70 

1 1 ,879 .05 

l.'55.78 

986 .30 

394 .00 

216 .30 

403 .00 

376 .00 

202.15 

274 .25 

351 .50 

247 .20 

258 .80 

3.57 .95 

5 ,925 .35 

19,549.10 

9 ,209 .90 

88.83 

13,196.20 

475.10 

.305.15 

9 ,473 .90 

1 ,349 .35 

1 ,012.01 

7 ,230 .93 

249 .78 

645 .05 

8,156.68 

1,122.75 

10 ,240 .00 

332 .20 

338 .65 



Shubuta 

Clay County 

West Point 

Coahoma County.. 

Clarksdale 

Copiah County 

Hazlehurst. 

Wesson 

Crystal Springs 

Covington County.. 

Seminary 

Collins 

Ora 

Mt Olive 

*Gilmer 

*Good Hope 

DeSoto County 

Hernando. 

Forrest County 

Hattiesburg 

Franklin County 

George County 

Lucedale 

Greene County 

Grenada County 

Grenada 

Hancock County 

Bay St Louis 

Waveland 

Harrison County.... 

Biloxi 

Lyman 

Perkinston.- 

Gulf port. 

Long Beach._ 

♦Mississippi City... 

Saucier 

♦Hickman 

♦Elder Branch 



Hi i 



365 

6,445 

1.385 

10 ,830 

1 ,502 

10 ,247 

637 

570 

410 

4,744 

195 

822 

192 

430 

186 



8,754 
168 
,526 
,831 
,694 
,304 
303 
,941 
,079 
886 
.772 
,317 
195 
,144 
,585 
413 
319 
,281 
453 
256 
311 
47 
37 



u S 



469 .95 

8 ,298 .35 

1 ,783 .25 

13 ,944 .30 

1 ,933 .95 

13 ,193 .65 

820.15 

733 .90 

527 .90 

6,108.20 

251 .06 

1 ,058 .36 

247 .20 

553 .65 

239 .50 

10.30 

11,271.30 

216.30 

4 ,539 .95 

6 ,220 .20 

7,331.30 

2 ,966 .55 

390.15 
,786 .70 
,539 .55 
,140.80 
,569.10 

1 ,695 .70 

251 .06 
.623 .25 
,615 .90 
531 .75 
410.70 

2 ,936 .95 
583 .25 
329 .60 
400 .45 

60.50 
47.65 



3 
6, 
1 
3 



6, 
4 



Districts. 



66 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTOUY. 



JANUARY APPORTIONMENT, J9I3, OF THE COMMON 
SCHOOL FUND— Continued. 





Number 
Educable 
Children 


Amount 
Appor- 
tionment 




Number 
Educable 
Children 


Amount 
Appor- 
tionment 


Handsboro 


400 

1,117 

712 

414 

44 

653 

15,272 

212 

171 

151 

101 

5,895 

14,103 

807 

067 

3 ,.528 

5 ,727 
2 ,934 

345 
1 ,058 
1,261 

526 

6 ,443 
328 
237 
193 

93 

201 

8,015 

1 .433 

3.507 

184 

267 

130 

188 

220 

181 

200 

83 

0.834 

4.268 

223 

122 

831 

238 1 


$ 515.05 

1 .438 .20 

916 .75 

533 .05 

56.65 

840 .80 

19 .663 .60 

272 .95 

220.15 

194.40 

130 .03 

7.590.15 

18,158.45 

1 ,039 .05 

858 .80 

4 ,542 .55 

7 ,373 .90 
3 ,777 .70 

444 .20 
1 ,362 .25 
1 .623 .60 

677 .25 

8 .295 .80 
422 .30 
305.15 
24S .50 
119.75 
2.58 .80 

11,092.35 

1 ,845 .05 

4,515.50 

236 .90 

343 .80 

167 .35 

242 .05 

283 .30 

233 .03 

257 .51 

106 .85 

8 ,799 .20 ■ 

5 ,495 .30 

287.15 

157.10 

1 ,069 .95 

.306 .45 


Kemper County 


9,570 

124 

1.52 

11 .267 

782 

198 

2.728 

629 

69 

341 

75 

600 

15 .967 

8.870 

4.314 

142 

125 

182 

6,915 

197 

9,735 

155 

1,719 

476 

192 

579 

10 ,323 

1 ,960 

9,436 

1 ,612 

317 

300 

10 .959 

3 .889 

534 

8 .3.54 

1 .105 

1,092 

548 

548 

435 

5,898 

630 

201 

177 


12 ,321 .95 


Pass Christian 


DeKalb... 

Scooba 


159 .65 


Bond 


195.70 


McHenry 


Lafayette County 

Oxford 


14 ,507 .00 


Magnolia . 


1 ,006 .85 


Wiggins 


♦Taylor 


254 .95 


Hinds County 


Lamar County 


3 ,512 .50 


Bolton 


Lumberton 


809 .90 


Edwards 


Baxterville 


88.85 


Utica 

Terry 


Purvis. 

Oloh 


439 .05 
96.55 


Jackson 


Sumrall 


772 .55 


Holmes Coanty. 


Lauderdale County.... 

Meridian 


20 ,558 .45 


Lexington 


11 ,420.65 


Durant 


Lawrence County 

Monticello.. 


5 .,5.54 .55 


Issaquena County 


182 .85 


Itawamba County 


Silver Creek 


160 .95 


Jackson County 


New Hebron 


234 .35 


Escatawpa 


Leake County.. 


8 .903 .50 


Moss Point ... 


Carthage .. 


253 .65 


Pascagoula 


Lee County 


12 .534 .40 


Ocean Springs 


Baldwvn 


199 .55 


Jasper County 


Tupelo 


2.213.30 


Bay Springs... 


Verona 


012 .85 


Louin.. 


Nettleton 


247 .20 


Montrose 


Shannon 


745 .50 


Stringer 


Leflore County 


13 ,291 .55 


Heidelberg... 


Greenwood 


2 .531 .35 


Jefferson County 


Lincoln County 


12.149.45 


Fayette 


Brookhaven 


2 .075 .55 


Jefferson Davis County 


Bogue Chitto 


408.15 


Prentiss 


Norfield . . . 


386 .26 


Bassfield . 


Lowndes County- 

Columbus 


14,110.40 


Good Hope 


5 .007 .30 


Carson 


Artesia 


687 .55 


Granby. 


Madison County 


10.756.30 


Sun's Academy 


Canton.- . 


1 .422 .75 


Red House 


Flora . .. 


1 .406 .00 


Melba 


Avery 


705 .60 


Jones County 


Madison 


705 .60 


Laurel... . 


Smith 


560.10 


Pine Grove 


Marion County.. . . 


7 .594 .05 


Siunmerland 


Columbia 


811 .15 


EllisviUe 


Improve _ 

Bunker Hill 


258 .80 


Sandersville 


227 .90 



♦ Rural School Districts. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 



67 



JANUARY APPORTIONMENT, i9iS, OF THE COMMON 
SCHOOL FUND— Continued. 






Buford 

Marshall Coanty 

Holly Springs 

Monroe County 

Amory 

Aberdeen 

Nettleton 

Prairie - 

Montgomery County 

Winona 

Neshoba County 

Philadelphia 

Newton County 

Newton 

Lake 

Union 

Hickory 

Lawrence 

Decatur 

Chunky 

Noxubee County 

Brooksville 

Macon 

Shuqualak 

Oktibbeha County. „ 

Starkville._ 

Panola County 

Come 

Sardis 

Batesville. 

Pearl River County.. 

Poplarville.- 

Picayune 

Perry County 

Richton _ 

Pike County 

Summit „ 

Osyka.- 

Magnolia 

Tylertown 

McComb 

Pontotoc County 

Pontotoc 

Algoma — 

Prentiss County 

Baldwyn 



208 

11 ,266 

1 ,301 

14 ,266 

982 

1 ,773 

270 

740 

7,133 

1 ,159 

6,336 

486 

7.467 

631 

141 

293 

184 

221 

125 

88 

13 ,327 

268 

762 

343 

8 ,228 

1.008 

9,963 

422 

747 

508 

3,868 

641 

382 

2,900 

1.050 

10 .055 

320 

262 

554 

475 

2.232 

7.600 

459 

263 

[6 .467 

170 



p. o 

< -^ 



267 .85 

14 ,505 .70 

1,675.10 

18,368.40 

1 ,264 .40 

2 ,282 .85 
347 .65 
952 .80 

9.184.15 
1 .492 .30 

8 .158 .00 

625 .75 

9 .614 .30 
812.45 
181 .55 
377 .25 
236 .90 
284 .55 
160 .95 
113.30 

17 ,159 ..30 
345 .05 
981 .15 
441 .65 

10 ,594 .10 
1 ,297 .85 

12 ,828 .00 
543 .35 
961 .80 
654.10 
4 ,980 .30 
825 .30 
491 .85 

3 .733 .95 

1 .351 .95 
12 .946 .40 

412 .00 

337 .35 
713 .30 
611 .60 

2 ,873 .85 
9 .785 .55 

591 .00 

338 .65 
8 ,326 .70 

218.85 



ja (U 

o "O 

3 .-a 

•d ^ 

W O 



JD O "O 



Booneville 

Quitman County 

Rankin County .. 

Brandon. 

Pelahatchie 

Fannin 

Scott County 

Forest.__ 

Morton 

Lake 

Sharkey County 

Rolling Fork 

Gary 

Anguilla 

Delta City 

Simpson County 

Magee — 

Smith County 

Sylvarena 

Wisner 

Gilmer 

Mize 

Summerland 

Taylorsville 

Sunflower County.... 

Moorhead- 

Indianola._ 

Ruleville 

Tallahatchie County.. 

Charleston 

Sumner 

Tate County 

Coldwater 

Senatobia. 

Tippah County.. 

Ripley _ 

Blue Mountain 

Tishomingo County.. 

luka 

Bumsville 

Paden._ 

Belmont.- 

Tunica County 

Union County 

New Albany 

Warren County._ 



518 

4.455 

7.958 

246 

322 

275 

4.803 

379 

302 

199 

3.170 

791 

641 

550 

268 

6,339 

214 

6.253 

148 

204 

65 

189 

86 

254 

9,899 

124 

402 

158 

9.079 

554 

312 

8.300 

253 

512 

5.811 

273 

257 

4,305 

509 

137 

62 

259 

5.643 

8,331 

1.002 

9.548 



I o 

° B 
o. o 



666 .95 

5.736.10 

10 .246 .50 

316.75 

414 .60 

354 .05 

6.184.20 

487 .95 

388 .85 

256 .20 

4 .081 .55 
1.018.45 

825 .30 

708 .20 

345 .05 

8,161.85 

275 .55 

8.051.10 

190 .55 

262 .65 

83.68 

243 .35 

110.70 

327 .05 

12 ,745 .60 
159 .65 
517 .60 
203 .45 

11,689.80 
713 .30 
401 .70 

10 .686 .80 
325 .75 
659 .25 
7 ,482 .00 
351 .50 
330 .90 

5 ,542 .95 

655 .35 

176 .40 

79.85 

333 .45 

7 ,265 .75 

10 ,726 .70 

1 ,290 .15 

12 ,293 .70 



68 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 



JANUARY APPORTIONMENT, I9I3, OF THE COMMON 
SCHOOL^FUND— Continued. 



►5 « o 



Vicksburg 

Washington County... 

Hollandale._ 

Leland 

Greenville 

Wayne County 

Waynesboro 

Chicora 

Webster County 

Eupora 

Bellefontaine. 

Wilkinson County 



5,645 

13 ,664 

499 

661 

3,510 

7,062 
531 
462 

5 ,314 

320 

63 

7.180 



§ S E 
E .2'-2 



7 ,268 .30 

17 ,593 .35 

642 .50 

851.10 

4,519.35 

9 ,092 .85 
683 .70 
594 .85 

G ,842 .10 

412.05 

81.10 

9 ,244 .75 



Woodville 

Winston County 

Noxapater 

Louisville.- 

Liberty 

Yalobusha County.. 

Coffeeville 

Water Valley 

Yazoo County 

Yazoo City 



Totals.. 



ca I- 

o 'U 

Id .c 

W U 



518 

7.840 
256 
586 
143 

6.665 
142 

1,418 
16,153 

2.535 



737 ,356 



O 

a 
< 



666 .95 
10 .094 .55 
329 .60 
754 .50 
184.10 

8 ,581 .60 
182 .85 

1 ,825 .75 
20 ,798 .00 

3 ,263 .95 

S949 .392 .00 



Whites 311,389 

Colored 425,967 



Grand Total 737,356 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 69 



MISSISSIPPI THE LEADER IN GREAT REFORMS. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to charter an 
institution of learning for the higher education of young women. 
The EHzabeth Female Academy was chartered by an Act approved 
Feb. 17, 1819, and was located at Washington, Miss. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to agitate abol- 
ishing imprisonment for debt, and led the movement in that 
great reform. Imprisonment for debt was abolished in Missis- 
sippi Jan. 23, 1824. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to apply the 
principle of popular government to the judiciary. The Consti- 
tution of 1832 provided for the election, by the people, of all 
judicial officers of the State. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to remove the 
common law disabilities of married women. The first act in 
that direction was passed Feb. 15, 1839, and the Code of 1880, 
removed all disabilities. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to establish an 
institution, supported by the State, for the higher education of 
young women. The Industrial Institute and College was pro- 
vided for by an Act approved March 12, 1884. 

Mississippi was the first State in the Union to solve the 
problem of white supremacy in the South by lawful means. The 
Constitution of 1890 disfranchises the ignorant and vicious of 
both races, and places the control of the State in the hands of 
the virtuous, intelligent citizens. 

{Historical Register, 1908.) 



70 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 



CAPITOLS. 



The State has built three capitols; the first was a small, 
two-story, temporary, brick structure, situated on the comer of 
Capitol and President Streets, Jackson. It was intended strictly 
for the use of the Legislative Assembly, the State officers being 
provided for elsewhere. It was erected in 1822 at a cost of about 
$3,000, and was occupied by the Legislature in December of 
that year. 

The Act providing for a permanent capitol and executive 
mansion was passed Feb. 26, 1833, $95,000 being appropriated 
for the capitol, and $10,000 for the mansion. Both cost much 
more before completion. The capitol was first occupied in 1839. 
It is still standing, though very much dilapidated, and is referred 
to as the "Old capitol". 

The third capitol was provided for by Act of Legislature 
passed Feb. 21, 1900, the Act carrying an appropriation of $1,- 
000,000 for building and furnishings. This sum was later in- 
creased until the building and furnishings have cost about Sl,- 
500,000. By judicious managemeixt the Capitol Commission 
having charge of the erection of the building has provided the 
State with one of the best capitol buildings in the nation, and 
by all odds the best building for the money expended. It was 
first occupied by the State officers in 1903. 



OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 71 



MEANING OF MISSISSIPPI. 

The derivation and meaning of Mississippi have been var- 
iously given. Peter Pitchlynn, who had an extensive knowledge 
of Indian languages, in a letter to the Columbus Whig, in 1861, 
traced the derivation of the word to the Choctaw, niish sha 
sippukrie, which he translated beyond age; but this translation 
is in conflict with the translation, /ai?/zer oj waters, which is generally 
accepted. Du Pratz sought to explain the name Mechasipi 
as a contraction of Mead Chassipi, meaning The ancient father 
of waters. It appears, however, that the southern Indians did 
not give the river such a name when the earliest explorers reached 
the coast. The name given by the Gulf coast Indians was writ- 
ten by the French as Malahouchia. 

Meechee Seepee, or something sounding like that, was the 
name given the river by the Indians of the northwest, visited by 
La Salle and Marquette. The meechee or Missi is the same in 
meaning as the Micco of the Creeks and other Muscogees, meaning 
great as an adjective, and chief as a noun. The Michi of Michi- 
gan is the same word, and possibly the Massa of Massachusetts 
has a like derivation. Mississippi means great water or great 
river. It would be- more accurately spelled Missisippi, the 
French orthography, or Misisipi, the Spanish form, both pro- 
nounced Meeseeseepee, which is probably close in sound to the 
Indian spoken words. 

The river was known to the Spaniards in the fifteenth and 
seventeenth centuries chiefly under the name of the Rio del 
Espiritu Santo, or the River of the Holy Ghost. It was also 
called by them the Rio Grande del Florida, the Rio del Espiritu 
Santo, or simply the Rio Grande. 

By the French it was given the title of La Palisade, on ac- 
count of the numerous cotton-wood trees found on the bar and 
passes at the mouth. After its exploration by La Salle, "t was 
called the Colbert, in honor of the great minister of Louis XIV. 
Subsequent to the founding of the French colony by Iberville in 
1699, at Fort Maiu-epas, it was named the Saint Louis, for the 
King. These names all yielded in time to the ancient Indian 
name. 

{ Historical Register, 1908.) 



IVSAY 12 1913 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



014 541 864 1 i 

1 



